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Rakesh K. Jain

Bio: Rakesh K. Jain is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Angiogenesis & Vascular endothelial growth factor. The author has an hindex of 200, co-authored 1467 publications receiving 177727 citations. Previous affiliations of Rakesh K. Jain include Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram & University of Oslo.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis is conducted to quantify convective and diffusive transport and determine their contributions to fluorescence recovery in a perfused medium, and four different photobleach geometries (line, periodic pattern, uniform circular spot and Gaussian spot) are studied.
Abstract: Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) is used to monitor the relaxation of concentration profiles after various imposed concentration fields. A theoretical analysis is conducted to quantify convective and diffusive transport and determine their contributions to fluorescence recovery in a perfused medium. Four different photobleach geometries—line, periodic pattern, uniform circular spot and Gaussian spot—are studied. It is shown that a spatially-averaged fluorescence profile (as would be the output of a photomultiplier) is inadequate in distinguishing convection from diffusion except in cases of large convection. In order to characterize both diffusive and convective effects, it is necessary to study the detailed concentration profile as a function of space and time.

18 citations

Patent
23 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a heterostructures for use in optoelectronic devices are described, where one or more parameters of the heterostructure can be configured to improve the reliability of the corresponding optolectronic device.
Abstract: Heterostructures for use in optoelectronic devices are described. One or more parameters of the heterostructure can be configured to improve the reliability of the corresponding optoelectronic device. The materials used to create the active structure of the device can be considered in configuring various parameters the n-type and/or p-type sides of the heterostructure.

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results presented here provide evidences for putative occurrence of two distinct mechanisms involved in tolerance towards higher concentrations of selenite utilization under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Abstract: Environmental contamination with selenium is a major health concern. A few bacterial strains have been isolated that can transform toxic selenite to non-toxic elemental selenium only at low concentrations (0.001-150 mM) in recent past. We have previously reported isolation and characterization of few selenite-tolerant bacterial strains. These strains were found to be resistant to selenite at (300-600 mM) concentrations. In the present study we have characterized some physiological adaptations of strains Enterobacter sp. AR-4, Bacillus sp. AR-6 and Delftia tsuruhatensis AR-7 during exposure to higher concentration of selenite under aerobic and anaerobic environments. Adaptive responses are largely associated with alteration of cell morphology and change in total cellular fatty acid composition. Interestingly, electron microscopy studies revealed substantial decrease in cell size and intracellular deposition of Se(0) crystals when reduction is carried out under aerobic conditions. On the other hand, cell size increased with adhesion of Se(0) on cell surface during anaerobic reduction. Fatty acid composition analysis demonstrated selective increase in saturated and cyclic fatty acids and decrease in unsaturated ones during aerobic transformation. Changes observed during anaerobic transformation were in surprising contrast as indicated by total absence of saturated and cyclic fatty acids. Results presented here provide evidences for putative occurrence of two distinct mechanisms involved in tolerance towards higher concentrations of selenite utilization under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Further, prior exposure to higher concentration of Se(+4) enabled rapid adaptation indicating role of inducible system in adaptation.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The complete genome sequence of an isolate of Papaya ringspot virus (designated as PRSVDEL) from India and its comparison with other isolates is reported in this paper.
Abstract: Both conventional and genetically engineered (transgenic) resistance strategies have been successfully deployed to manage Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in papaya in Taiwan and the USA [3]. The success of both resistance strategies depends on the genetic diversity of the PRSV population [3]. The PRSV genome is well characterized, and complete genome sequence of eleven PRSV isolates, one each from Hawaii and Mexico, two each from Brazil (two W isolates) and Thailand (one P isolate and one W isolate), and five isolates from Taiwan (four P isolates and one W isolate) are available [1, 2, 7, 8]. However, information on the complete genome sequence of PRSV from India is lacking. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an isolate of PRSV (designated as PRSVDEL) from India and its comparison with other isolates. Provenance of the virus material

17 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The application of cautery using heated metals or lenses remained popular among the medical community until the middle of the nineteenth century, when more sophisticated methods for elevating local tissue temperatures became available (e.g., diathermy and ultrasound).
Abstract: Heat in various forms has been exploited by mankind for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. The Egyptians (~3000 b.c.) were the first to use cautery against tumors and various nonmalignant diseases(1). The Hindus (~2000 b.c.) used cautery to control surface lesions during the Aryan civilization.(2) The importance of therapeutic application of heat in the Greek civilization is reflected in the preceding aphorism attributed to Hippocrates (460–357 b.c.). He recommended cautery (with a red-hot iron) for small tumors and many other diseases(3–5) The application of cautery using heated metals or lenses remained popular among the medical community until the middle of the nineteenth century, when more sophisticated methods for elevating local tissue temperatures became available (e.g., diathermy and ultrasound).

17 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
04 Mar 2011-Cell
TL;DR: Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.

51,099 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Attention is focussed on the ROS/RNS-linked pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and ageing.

12,240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Abstract: background Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, has shown promising preclinical and clinical activity against metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly in combination with chemotherapy. methods Of 813 patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer, we randomly assigned 402 to receive irinotecan, bolus fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) plus bevacizumab (5 mg per kilogram of body weight every two weeks) and 411 to receive IFL plus placebo. The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, the response rate, the duration of the response, safety, and the quality of life. results The median duration of survival was 20.3 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 15.6 months in the group given IFL plus placebo, corresponding to a hazard ratio for death of 0.66 (P<0.001). The median duration of progressionfree survival was 10.6 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 6.2 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for disease progression, 0.54; P<0.001); the corresponding rates of response were 44.8 percent and 34.8 percent (P=0.004). The median duration of the response was 10.4 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 7.1 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for progression, 0.62; P=0.001). Grade 3 hypertension was more common during treatment with IFL plus bevacizumab than with IFL plus placebo (11.0 percent vs. 2.3 percent) but was easily managed. conclusions The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

10,161 citations

01 Jun 2012
TL;DR: SPAdes as mentioned in this paper is a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data).
Abstract: The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

10,124 citations