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Rakesh K. Jain

Bio: Rakesh K. Jain is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Angiogenesis & Vascular endothelial growth factor. The author has an hindex of 200, co-authored 1467 publications receiving 177727 citations. Previous affiliations of Rakesh K. Jain include Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram & University of Oslo.


Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper , the potential of pyrolysis to convert waste plastic stream comprising of a mixture of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density polyethylene, Polypropylene (PP) and Polystyrene (PS) into fuel and value-added products (VAP) was investigated.
Abstract: Recycling of waste plastics is a promising solution to deal with the pressure on fuel economy in forthcoming years and to address the concern regarding its accumulation in the environment. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a dominant source of plastic waste. Waste management principles can be applied for resource recovery and energy generation. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical recycling method, holds multiple advantages in relation to product utility, energy input and environmental footprint. The focus of this review is to investigate the potential of pyrolysis to convert waste plastic stream comprising of a mixture of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP) and Polystyrene (PS) into fuel and value-added products (VAP). Concentrated efforts are made to analyse process conditions to maximize production of utilizable fractions (gas and oil) and value-added chemicals through pyrolysis. Behaviour of plastic waste components under different process conditions with reaction mechanisms in both catalytic and non-catalytic pathways are explored and summarized. Discussions on the importance of kinetic, particle and reactor scale to develop a process scheme for pyrolysis process, futuristic research directions are also presented. This paper also critically reviews utility requirements and well-established commercial process to comply with environmental legislations.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To improve the recognition of MDD and ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment, clinicians should perform a differential diagnosis that includes psychiatric disorders when patients present with chronic pain or other somatic symptoms.
Abstract: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often present with pain or other physical symptoms in addition to psychological symptoms. This finding has been replicated in studies across the globe, even though the prevalence of MDD varies greatly internationally. The greater the number of physical symptoms, the more likely the patient is to have a mood disorder, but the presence of pain or physical symptoms negatively impacts physicians' ability to recognize MDD. To improve the recognition of MDD and ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment, clinicians should perform a differential diagnosis that includes psychiatric disorders when patients present with chronic pain or other somatic symptoms.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structures of compounds 5, 7, 15, 17, 20, 24, 28, and 31 were established by 13C-n.r. spectroscopy after treatment with Amberlite IR-120 cation-exchange resin.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), a definite member of the family Potyviridae and the genus Potyvirus, occurs worldwide and is a major constraint to papaya and cucurbits production throughout the tropical and subtropical regions.
Abstract: Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), a definite member of the family Potyviridae and the genus Potyvirus [5], occurs worldwide and is a major constraint to papaya (Carica papaya) and cucurbits production throughout the tropical and subtropical regions [21]. The virus is readily vectored by aphids in a non-persistent manner [16]. The virus was first recorded from western India in 1958 [4] and since then it has spread to different geographical locations, limiting papaya and cucurbits production [1, 8, 9]. Prevalence of both papaya-infecting (Type P) and non-papaya-infecting (Type W) pathotypes has been recorded. The virus induces variety of symptoms on foliage, stem and fruit in papaya and cucurbits. PRSV has flexuous filamentous particles (760–800 nm 9 12 nm) with a single-stranded, positivesense RNA genome of approximately 10,000 nucleotides. Fifteen PRSV isolates belonging to different geographical locations have been completely sequenced. PRSV isolates from India have been characterized for coat protein only [1, 8, 9], and information on their complete genome sequences is lacking. In this study, complete genome sequences of pathotypes P and W from India and their sequence divergence, phylogenetic relationships and recombination with 15 other PRSV genomes have been determined to investigate their origin and host specificity. Preliminary results on pathotype P have been published [15]. PRSV isolates from symptomatic papaya (Carica papaya) (pathotype P) and spongegourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) (pathotype W) plants were collected from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute experimental farm in New Delhi and propagated in papaya (cv. Pusa Nanha) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), respectively, in a glass house through sap inoculations using 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol and celite as an abrasive. The details of the PRSV genome sequences collected from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) are shown in Table 1. The analysis utilized the nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences of the whole genome or of individual cistrons. The complete genome sequence of PRSV RNA was generated with nine overlapping fragments using nine pairs of specific primers. Viral RNA was reverse transcribed and amplified using high-fidelity Taq DNA polymerase (New England Biolabs). Two clones of each of the nine amplified products (700–1,900 bp) were sequenced in both (30 and 50) directions with 100% identity in the overlapping regions. The sequences of overlapping cloned fragments that were generated were assembled manually using the BioEdit software version 5.09.04 [7]. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences representing the complete genomes of pathotypes P and W and their cistrons were aligned using CLUSTAL W [19]. A sequence similarity matrix between polyproteins and specific cistrons was calculated using the BioEdit software version 5.09.04 [7]. Recombination sites were identified using RDP [11], GENECONV [14], BOOTSCAN [12], MAXIMUM CHISQUARE [13], CHIMAERA [12] and SISTER SCAN [6], the non-parametric recombination detection methods implemented in RDP2 [12]. A multiple comparison corrected P-value cutoff 0.05 and default settings were used throughout, and only events detectable by two or more different methods were retained for further analysis. S. K. Mangrauthia Plant Pathology Section, Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
16 May 2019
TL;DR: The first draft genome sequence of the pearl millet blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea PMg_Dl from India is presented and will be useful to understand the MagnapORThe speciation, genetic diversity, environmental adaptation, and pathogenic and host range determinants.
Abstract: The first draft genome sequence of the pearl millet blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea PMg_Dl from India is presented. The genome information of M. grisea will be useful to understand the Magnaporthe speciation, genetic diversity, environmental adaptation, and pathogenic and host range determinants.

13 citations


Cited by
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04 Mar 2011-Cell
TL;DR: Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.

51,099 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Attention is focussed on the ROS/RNS-linked pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and ageing.

12,240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Abstract: background Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, has shown promising preclinical and clinical activity against metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly in combination with chemotherapy. methods Of 813 patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer, we randomly assigned 402 to receive irinotecan, bolus fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) plus bevacizumab (5 mg per kilogram of body weight every two weeks) and 411 to receive IFL plus placebo. The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, the response rate, the duration of the response, safety, and the quality of life. results The median duration of survival was 20.3 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 15.6 months in the group given IFL plus placebo, corresponding to a hazard ratio for death of 0.66 (P<0.001). The median duration of progressionfree survival was 10.6 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 6.2 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for disease progression, 0.54; P<0.001); the corresponding rates of response were 44.8 percent and 34.8 percent (P=0.004). The median duration of the response was 10.4 months in the group given IFL plus bevacizumab, as compared with 7.1 months in the group given IFL plus placebo (hazard ratio for progression, 0.62; P=0.001). Grade 3 hypertension was more common during treatment with IFL plus bevacizumab than with IFL plus placebo (11.0 percent vs. 2.3 percent) but was easily managed. conclusions The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

10,161 citations

01 Jun 2012
TL;DR: SPAdes as mentioned in this paper is a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data).
Abstract: The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

10,124 citations