Statistical Methods For Agricultural Workers

Cuckoo search (CS) was introduced by Xin-She Yang and Suash Deb in 2009, and it has attracted great attention due to its promising efficiency in solving many optimization problems and real-world applications. In the last few years, many papers have been published regarding cuckoo search, and the relevant literature has expanded significantly. This chapter summarizes briefly the majority of the literature about cuckoo search in peer-reviewed journals and conferences found so far. These references can be systematically classified into appropriate categories, which can be used as a basis for further research.

Cuckoo Search: A Brief Literature Review

Provided is a video coding method and a video decoding method increasing the resolution and quality of images while suppressing an amount of data required for increasing the resolution. A video coding apparatus includes a first orthogonal transformation unit performing discrete cosine transform on an input picture signal, a low-pass filter performing low-pass filtering on the input picture signal, a downsampling unit downsampling the resolution of a low-frequency image signal, a coding unit compressing and coding a reduced image signal, a local decoding unit decoding a coded bit stream, a second orthogonal transformation unit performing discrete cosine transform on a decoded image signal, and a modification information generation unit generating, based on input image DCT coefficients and decoded image DCT coefficients, coefficient modification information used for modifying orthogonal transformation coefficients obtained by performing orthogonal transformation on a decoded video signal obtained from a coded bit stream.

Video encoding method and video decoding method

Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is nature inspired global optimization algorithm based on the brood parasitic behavior of cuckoos. It has proved to be an efficient algorithm as it has been successfully applied to solve a large number of problems of different areas. CS employs Levy flights to generate step size and to search the solution space effectively. The local search is carried out using switch probability in which certain percentages of solutions are removed. Though CS is an effective algorithm, still its performance can be improved by incorporating the exploration and exploitation during the search process. In this work, three modified versions of CS are proposed to improve the properties of exploration and exploitation. All these versions employ Cauchy operator to generate the step size instead of Levy flights to efficiently explore the search space. Moreover, two new concepts, division of population and division of generations, are also introduced in CS so as to balance the exploration and exploitation. The proposed versions of CS are tested on 24 standard benchmark problems with different dimension sizes and varying population sizes and the effect of probability switch has been studied. Apart from this, the best of the proposed versions is also tested on CEC 2015 benchmark suite. The modified algorithms have been statistically tested in comparison to the state-of-the-art algorithms, namely grey wolf optimization (GWO), differential evolution (DE), firefly algorithm (FA), flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and bat algorithm (BA). The numerical and statistical results prove the superiority of the proposed versions with respect to other popular algorithms available in the literature.

New cuckoo search algorithms with enhanced exploration and exploitation properties

In digital video image encoding and decoding, a filter type is selected based on symmetrical properties of the images and coefficient values of an interpolation filter are calculated based on the selected filter type. Coefficient values, filter tap-length and selected filter-type are provided in the encoded video data. Coefficient values are also calculated based on a prediction signal representative of the different between a video frame and a reference image. The prediction signal is calculated from the reference image based on a predefined base filter and motion estimation performed on the video frame. The predefined base filter has fixed coefficient values. Coefficient values are selected from interpolation of pixel values in a selected image segment in the video frame. Symmetry properties of images can be a vertical symmetry, a horizontal symmetry and a combination thereof, so that only a portion of the filter coefficients are coded.

Adaptive interpolation filters for video coding

CRC generation circuitry includes a lookup-table storing N-bit CRC values for M one-hot data frames. N AND gates for each bit of a M-bit data frame receive that bit of the M-bit data frame and a different bit of a N-bit CRC value from the lookup-table corresponding to a position of the bit in the M-bit data frame. N exclusive-OR gates each receive output from one of the N AND gates for each bit of the M-bit data frame. The N exclusive-OR gates generate a final N-bit CRC value for the M-bit data frame. The CRC value is therefore generated with a purely combinational circuit, without clock cycle latency. Area consumption is small due to the small lookup-table, which itself permits use of any generator polynomial, and is independent of the width of the received data frame. This device can also generate a combined CRC for multiple frames.

Parallel pipeline logic circuit for generating CRC values utilizing lookup table

This paper presents application of nature inspired algorithms for solving an industrial problem of power delivery network design. To achieve the target impedance in a power delivery network, optimum number of decoupling capacitors and their optimum locations on board are found from thousands of available capacitors. S-parameters based data is used for the accurate analysis. Three natural computing algorithms - Particle Swarm Optimization, Cuckoo Search and Firefly Algorithm are used and compared for solving this problem.

Application of nature inspired algorithms in power delivery network design: An industrial case study

In this paper, a nonlinear distortion analysis of power delivery network and the impact of nonlinear characteristics of DC-DC converter on the PDN output have been analyzed The harmonic components for an equivalent PDN model have been estimated using Volterra series for 50 Hz input ripples The mean relative error between analytical and simulated results for the fundamental (H 1 (jω 1 )), the second (H 2 (jω 1 , jω 2 )) and the third harmonic (H 2 (jω 1 , jω 2 , jω 3 )) responses are 3%, 1% and 7%, respectively For input intercept points (IIP 2 and IIP 3 ), the difference between analytical and simulation results are 05 dB and 28 dB, respectively

The harmonics impact study of a DC-DC buck converter through a power delivery network

Due to advancement in technology and higher demand of frequency, the effect of jitter components, especially inter-symbol interference (ISI), plays significant impact on performance of high speed serial links The analysis of jitter components is useful for testing of high speed circuits In this paper, an efficient methodology for estimation of inter-symbol interference using clock pattern is described and a brief overview of other jitter components segregation techniques are introduced This methodology is implemented in MATLAB and the results are efficiently verified with other CAD tools such as Agilent ADS and with adaptive filtration method (also known as equalization method) The error percentages in proposed method are within 12%

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7222824/7236526/07236844.pdf

Estimation of inter-symbol interference using clock pattern

This paper presents RLC equivalent model of power plane for power distribution network (PDN) in high speed VLSI system consisting of package, board, and voltage regulator module. The frequency independent RLC equivalent model can be easily integrated in any SPICE compatible circuit simulator. SPICE simulation results of the proposed RLC models for regular and irregular power-ground plane pair have been extensively verified with full wave EM simulation results. The model shows good matching when compared with EM simulation results. The proposed SPICE model substantially reduces the CPU run time that requires only few seconds for which the EM solver would have taken several hours. Effects of different geometry and material of power plane on self-impedance profile have been analyzed.

Rakesh Malik

Papers

Parallel pipeline logic circuit for generating CRC values utilizing lookup table

Application of nature inspired algorithms in power delivery network design: An industrial case study

The harmonics impact study of a DC-DC buck converter through a power delivery network

Estimation of inter-symbol interference using clock pattern

Modelling and Analysis of Power-Ground Plane for High Speed VLSI System