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Rakesh Malik

Bio: Rakesh Malik is an academic researcher from STMicroelectronics. The author has contributed to research in topics: Power integrity & Jitter. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 51 publications receiving 266 citations.


Papers
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Patent
12 Sep 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a low voltage continuous time common mode feedback (CMFB) module for low voltage operational amplifiers, providing good linearity, wide bandwidth and low systematic offset.
Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a low voltage continuous time common mode feedback (CMFB) module, for low voltage operational amplifiers, providing good linearity, wide bandwidth and low systematic offset. The common mode feedback module includes a controlling module and an initializing module. The controlling module and the initializing module are parallel common mode feedback loops. The controlling module is a main CMFB loop and the initializing module is an auxiliary CMFB loop and both the loops work simultaneously. The controlling module and the initializing module receive a first differential input voltage and a second differential input voltage supplied by differential outputs of a main differential amplifier. Both the CMFB loops are low gain amplifiers in order to provide operation as linear as possible over the entire differential output operating range of the main differential amplifier.

4 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2014
TL;DR: This paper provides a generic formulation for decoupling capacitor selection and placement problem which is solved by mixed-integer programming.
Abstract: Power Integrity is maintained in a high speed system by designing an efficient decoupling network This paper provides a generic formulation for decoupling capacitor selection and placement problem which is solved by mixed-integer programming A real-world example is presented for the same The minimum number of capacitors that could achieve the target impedance over the desired frequency range are found along with their optimal locations In order to solve an industrial problem, the s-parameters data of power plane geometry and capacitors are used for the accurate analysis including bulk capacitors and VRM

4 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2017
TL;DR: Comparing the automatic generated HDL code from the Simulink HDL coder to that of manual handwritten code is performed shows that time to market value is reduced by more than half with significant decrease in the operating speed, area and power consumption.
Abstract: Upcoming mobile communication systems are more complex and comprise of sophisticated functionality to enhance their performance. To expedite their time to market, the RTL development and verification cycle time has to be improved. This paper puts an emphasis to improve the prototyping phase by using Model Based Design technique comprising of Simulink HDL coder, HDL verifier and rapid FPGA prototyping utilizing FPGA in loop co-simulation. As a case study, the MIPI Low Latency Interface (LLI) layer protocol is implemented. The results conferred in this paper illustrates the acceleration in hardware development cycle by reducing the RTL development time and simulation time required for verification of the design under test. In this paper comparison of the automatic generated HDL code from the Simulink HDL coder to that of manual handwritten code is performed. The comparison targets the time to market, area, power and timing constrains for the Data Link Layer (DLL) of MIPI LLI for both the procedures. The automatic HDL code generated from the Simulink Model using MATLAB R2016b, and the manual hand-written Verilog code for the Data Link Layer are synthesized for CMOS 45nm standard cell ASIC technology. The comparison result shows that time to market value is reduced by more than half with significant decrease of 11% to 17% in the operating speed, the area and power consumption is also increased by 25% and 29% respectively.

3 citations

Patent
20 Oct 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a device for implementing a sum-of-products expression includes a first set of 2-input Shift-and-Add (2SAD) blocks receiving a coefficient set/complex sum of products expression for generating a first subset of partially optimized expression terms by applying recursive optimization therein, a second set of 1-input SAD blocks receiving response from the 2SAD blocks for generating the second subset by applying vertical optimization therein.
Abstract: A device for implementing a sum-of-products expression includes a first set of 2-input Shift-and-Add (2SAD) blocks receiving a coefficient set/complex sum-of-products expression for generating a first set of partially optimized expression terms by applying recursive optimization therein, a second set of 1-input Shift-and-Add (1SAD) blocks receiving response from the 2SAD blocks for generating a second set of partially optimized expression terms by applying vertical optimization therein, a third set of 2SAD blocks receiving recursively and vertically optimized response from the first set of 2SAD block and the second set of 1SAD blocks for generating a third set of partially optimized expression terms by applying horizontal optimization therein, a fourth set of 2SAD blocks receiving response from the blocks for generating a fourth set of partially optimized expression terms by applying decomposition and factorization, and a fifth set of 2SAD blocks receiving response from the fourth set of 2SAD blocks, for generating the final output.

3 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI

2,133 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes briefly the majority of the literature about cuckoo search in peer-reviewed journals and conferences found so far and can be systematically classified into appropriate categories, which can be used as a basis for further research.
Abstract: Cuckoo search (CS) was introduced by Xin-She Yang and Suash Deb in 2009, and it has attracted great attention due to its promising efficiency in solving many optimization problems and real-world applications. In the last few years, many papers have been published regarding cuckoo search, and the relevant literature has expanded significantly. This chapter summarizes briefly the majority of the literature about cuckoo search in peer-reviewed journals and conferences found so far. These references can be systematically classified into appropriate categories, which can be used as a basis for further research.

124 citations

Patent
Steffen Wittmann1, Thomas Wedi1
16 Feb 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a video coding apparatus consisting of a first orthogonal transformation unit performing discrete cosine transform on an input picture signal, a low pass filter performing low-pass filtering on the input image signal, and a downsampling unit downsampledging the resolution of a low-frequency image signal was presented.
Abstract: Provided is a video coding method and a video decoding method increasing the resolution and quality of images while suppressing an amount of data required for increasing the resolution. A video coding apparatus includes a first orthogonal transformation unit performing discrete cosine transform on an input picture signal, a low-pass filter performing low-pass filtering on the input picture signal, a downsampling unit downsampling the resolution of a low-frequency image signal, a coding unit compressing and coding a reduced image signal, a local decoding unit decoding a coded bit stream, a second orthogonal transformation unit performing discrete cosine transform on a decoded image signal, and a modification information generation unit generating, based on input image DCT coefficients and decoded image DCT coefficients, coefficient modification information used for modifying orthogonal transformation coefficients obtained by performing orthogonal transformation on a decoded video signal obtained from a coded bit stream.

105 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three modified versions of Cuckoo Search are proposed to improve the properties of exploration and exploitation and statistically tested in comparison to state-of-the-art algorithms, namely grey wolf optimization (GWO), differential evolution (DE), firefly algorithm (FA), flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and bat algorithm (BA).
Abstract: Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is nature inspired global optimization algorithm based on the brood parasitic behavior of cuckoos. It has proved to be an efficient algorithm as it has been successfully applied to solve a large number of problems of different areas. CS employs Levy flights to generate step size and to search the solution space effectively. The local search is carried out using switch probability in which certain percentages of solutions are removed. Though CS is an effective algorithm, still its performance can be improved by incorporating the exploration and exploitation during the search process. In this work, three modified versions of CS are proposed to improve the properties of exploration and exploitation. All these versions employ Cauchy operator to generate the step size instead of Levy flights to efficiently explore the search space. Moreover, two new concepts, division of population and division of generations, are also introduced in CS so as to balance the exploration and exploitation. The proposed versions of CS are tested on 24 standard benchmark problems with different dimension sizes and varying population sizes and the effect of probability switch has been studied. Apart from this, the best of the proposed versions is also tested on CEC 2015 benchmark suite. The modified algorithms have been statistically tested in comparison to the state-of-the-art algorithms, namely grey wolf optimization (GWO), differential evolution (DE), firefly algorithm (FA), flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and bat algorithm (BA). The numerical and statistical results prove the superiority of the proposed versions with respect to other popular algorithms available in the literature.

100 citations

Patent
08 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a predefined base filter has fixed coefficient values and a prediction signal representative of the difference between a video frame and a reference image is calculated from the reference image based on a pre-defined base filter and motion estimation performed on the video frame.
Abstract: In digital video image encoding and decoding, a filter type is selected based on symmetrical properties of the images and coefficient values of an interpolation filter are calculated based on the selected filter type. Coefficient values, filter tap-length and selected filter-type are provided in the encoded video data. Coefficient values are also calculated based on a prediction signal representative of the different between a video frame and a reference image. The prediction signal is calculated from the reference image based on a predefined base filter and motion estimation performed on the video frame. The predefined base filter has fixed coefficient values. Coefficient values are selected from interpolation of pixel values in a selected image segment in the video frame. Symmetry properties of images can be a vertical symmetry, a horizontal symmetry and a combination thereof, so that only a portion of the filter coefficients are coded.

95 citations