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Author

Raktim Pal

Bio: Raktim Pal is an academic researcher from University of South Australia. The author has contributed to research in topics: Loam & Soil water. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 48 publications receiving 1113 citations. Previous affiliations of Raktim Pal include Sejong University & Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Topics: Loam, Soil water, Pencycuron, Novaluron, Soil salinity


Papers
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TL;DR: Critical investigation on distribution pattern of this new group of emerging contaminant and their potential harmful impact on the authors' environment needs immediate attention.

235 citations

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TL;DR: It is suggested that the microbial biomass, fluorescein diacetate and dehydrogenase activity alone and expressed on a soil organic matter basis along with the soil respiration parameters can be helpful in assessing the effects of arsenic on the size and activity of microbial biomass in soils.

89 citations

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TL;DR: The results of the present study confirm that the acquisition of ambient carbonyl concentration data is fairly useful for distinguishing the pollution status and the associated odor-related impacts.

72 citations

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TL;DR: The emission concentrations of carbonyl compounds in air were quantified from a total of 195 man-made source units within 77 individual companies at a large industrial complex in Korea and the fundamental patterns of their emission were described.

68 citations

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TL;DR: Clay loam soil from agricultural field of Gangetic alluvial zone of West Bengal was investigated to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos application at field rate and 100 times of the field rate on soil microbial variables under laboratory conditions and acetone-induced stress on soil microorganisms was evident.
Abstract: Clay loam soil from agricultural field of Gangetic alluvial zone of West Bengal was investigated to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos application at field rate (0.5 mg kg(-1) soil) and 100 times of the field rate (50 mg kg(-1) soil) on soil microbial variables under laboratory conditions. Acetone-induced stress on soil microorganisms was evident in the initial stages in terms of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content in soil and basal soil respiration (BSR) in control soil samples which received acetone only as compared to control soil without acetone. The soil MBC content increased significantly by application of chlorpyrifos. The BSR and the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysing activity (FDHA) were not adversely affected by chlorpyrifos at field rate, whilst the chemical at higher dosage significantly decreased the metabolic activities of soil microbes in terms of BSR and FDHA.

63 citations


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7,335 citations

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568 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the current understanding of how agricultural inputs affect the amounts, activity, and diversity of soil organisms, including mineral fertilisers, organic amendments, microbial inoculants, and pesticides.
Abstract: External agricultural inputs such as mineral fertilisers, organic amendments, microbial inoculants, and pesticides are applied with the ultimate goal of maximising productivity and economic returns, while side effects on soil organisms are often neglected. We have summarised the current understanding of how agricultural inputs affect the amounts, activity, and diversity of soil organisms. Mineral fertilisers have limited direct effects, but their application can enhance soil biological activity via increases in system productivity, crop residue return, and soil organic matter. Another important indirect effect especially of N fertilisation is soil acidification, with considerable negative effects on soil organisms. Organic amendments such as manure, compost, biosolids, and humic substances provide a direct source of C for soil organisms as well as an indirect C source via increased plant growth and plant residue returns. Non-target effects of microbial inoculants appear to be small and transient. Among the pesticides, few significant effects of herbicides on soil organisms have been documented, whereas negative effects of insecticides and fungicides are more common. Copper fungicides are among the most toxic and most persistent fungicides, and their application warrants strict regulation. Quality control of organic waste products such as municipal composts and biosolids is likewise mandatory to avoid accumulation of elements that are toxic to soil organisms.

420 citations

DOI
01 Jun 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, a balanced fertilization strategy that combines use of chemical, organic and /or bio-fertilizers must to be developed and evaluated, and a sound management of fertilization must attempt to ensure both enhanced and safeguard the environment.
Abstract: Plant nutrients are essential for production of crop and healthy food for the word's expanding population. Plant nutrients are therefore a vital component of sustainable agriculture. Increased crop production largely relics on the type of fertilizers used to supplement essential nutrients for plants. The nature and the characteristics of nutrients release of chemical, organic and biofertilizers are different, and each type of fertilizer has its advantages and disadvantages for crop growth and soil fertility. A sound management of fertilization must attempt to ensure both enhanced and safeguard the environment; therefore, a balanced fertilization strategy that combines use of chemical, organic and /or biofertilizers must to be developed and evaluated.

359 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020-Land
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of various agrochemicals on the soil microbial diversity and environment is reviewed, and the importance of smallholder farmers for sustainable crop protection and enhancement solutions is highlighted.
Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) states that in developing nations, there are three million cases of agrochemical poisoning. The prolonged intensive and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals adversely affected the soil biodiversity, agricultural sustainability, and food safety, bringing in long-term harmful effects on nutritional security, human and animal health. Most of the agrochemicals negatively affect soil microbial functions and biochemical processes. The alteration in diversity and composition of the beneficial microbial community can be unfavorable to plant growth and development either by reducing nutrient availability or by increasing disease incidence. Currently, there is a need for qualitative, innovative, and demand-driven research in soil science, especially in developing countries for facilitating of high-quality eco-friendly research by creating a conducive and trustworthy work atmosphere, thereby rewarding productivity and merits. Hence, we reviewed (1) the impact of various agrochemicals on the soil microbial diversity and environment; (2) the importance of smallholder farmers for sustainable crop protection and enhancement solutions, and (3) management strategies that serve the scientific community, policymakers, and land managers in integrating soil enhancement and sustainability practices in smallholder farming households. The current review provides an improved understanding of agricultural soil management for food and nutritional security.

341 citations