Author
Ralf Schweizer
Bio: Ralf Schweizer is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Dice. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 79 citations.
Topics: Dice
Papers
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: This volume critically examines the cultural, legal, and medical factors that influence physicians’ decisions on use of narcotics for cancer pain and establishes objective guidelines for making these decisions.
Abstract: The emergence of substance abuse as a major social problem, the growing awareness of the risks of iatrogenic drug addiction, and the increasing government surveillance of narcotic distribution are affecting physicians’ attitudes toward therapeutic use of opiates and inhibiting many clinicians who treat cancer patients from prescribing adequate drugs for pain control. This volume critically examines the cultural, legal, and medical factors that influence physicians’ decisions on use of narcotics for cancer pain and establishes objective guidelines for making these decisions. Most of the fundamental issues in the field of pain -including epistemological questions -are addressed by a truly multidisciplinary group of contributors, including drug abuse experts, government regulators, lawyers, sociologists, anthropologists, historians, philosophers, and theologians, as well as basic scientists, clinical pharmacologists, pharmacists, anesthesiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, oncologists, internists, and nurses.
79 citations
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27 Mar 1991TL;DR: The second edition of The Creative Mind has been updated to include recent developments in artificial intelligence, with a new preface, introduction and conclusion by the author as discussed by the authors, which is an essential work for anyone interested in the creativity of the human mind.
Abstract: How is it possible to think new thoughts? What is creativity and can science explain it? And just how did Coleridge dream up the creatures of The Ancient Mariner? When The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms was first published, Margaret A. Boden's bold and provocative exploration of creativity broke new ground. Boden uses examples such as jazz improvisation, chess, story writing, physics, and the music of Mozart together with computing models from the field of artificial intelligence to uncover the nature of human creativity in the arts, science and everyday life. The second edition of The Creative Mind has been updated to include recent developments in artificial intelligence, with a new preface, introduction and conclusion by the author. It is an essential work for anyone interested in the creativity of the human mind.
2,371 citations
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07 Nov 1996
TL;DR: One-dimensional maps, two-dimensional map, fractals, and chaotic attraction attractors have been studied in this article for state reconstruction from data, including the state of Washington.
Abstract: One-Dimensional Maps.- Two-Dimensional Maps.- Chaos.- Fractals.- Chaos in Two-Dimensional Maps.- Chaotic Attractors.- Differential Equations.- Periodic Orbits and Limit Sets.- Chaos in Differential Equations.- Stable Manifolds and Crises.- Bifurcations.- Cascades.- State Reconstruction from Data.
1,924 citations
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TL;DR: A classification of sources of uncertainty under the two main categories: epistemic uncertainty and linguistic uncertainty (uncertainty in language) is provided and how each impacts on applications in ecology and conservation biology is demonstrated.
Abstract: Uncertainty is pervasive in ecology where the difficulties of dealing with sources of uncertainty are exacerbated by variation in the system itself. Attempts at classifying uncertainty in ecology have, for the most part, focused exclusively on epistemic uncertainty. In this paper we classify uncertainty into two main categories: epistemic uncertainty (uncertainty in determinate facts) and linguistic uncertainty (uncertainty in language). We provide a classification of sources of uncertainty under the two main categories and demonstrate how each impacts on applications in ecology and conservation biology. In particular, we demonstrate the importance of recognizing the effect of linguistic uncertainty, in addition to epistemic uncertainty, in ecological applications. The significance to ecology and conservation biology of developing a clear understanding of the various types of uncertainty, how they arise and how they might best be dealt with is highlighted. Finally, we discuss the various general strategies for dealing with each type of uncertainty and offer suggestions for treating compounding uncertainty from a range of sources.
757 citations
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: Chaos Theory Tamed as mentioned in this paper provides a toolkit for readers, including vectors, phase space, Fourier analysis, time-series analysis, and autocorrelation, to learn and use the vocabulary of chaos.
Abstract: What is this business called 'chaos'? What does it deal with? Why do people think it's important? And how did the term 'chaos' - long associated with disorder - come to signify a new paradigm in the orderly realm of mathematics? The concept of chaos is one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding research topics of recent decades. Chaos might underlie many kinds of well-known processes - the performance of the stock market, the weather, the cries of newborn babies, the dripping of a leaky faucet, and more.In "Chaos Theory Tamed", scientist Garnett P. Williams walks the reader through this exciting territory, building an understanding of chaos and its significance in our lives. "Chaos" is a mathematical subject. If you seek bodice-ripping romance, this book is not for you. But if you are a researcher working with data...a scientist, engineer, or economist who has specialized outside the field of mathematics...or an interested person with a bit of background in algebra and statistics...then "Chaos Theory Tamed" can help you understand the basic concepts of this relatively new arm of science.Williams explains the terms necessary for an understanding of chaos theory. He discusses 'sensitive dependence on initial conditions' and what that means for long-term predictions. He explores the role of the chaotic or 'strange' attractor, order within chaos, fractal structure, and the emerging concepts of self-organization and complexity. Drawing from mathematics, physics, and statistics, the book provides a toolkit for readers, including vectors, phase space, Fourier analysis, time-series analysis, and autocorrelation.Williams describes routes that systems may take from regular behavior to chaos - period doubling, intermittency, and quasiperiodicity - and discusses nonlinear equations that can give rise to chaos. Dimension is a basic ingredient of chaos, and Williams brings clarity to the many ways in which this term is used by specialists in the field. And he explains how the magnitude of chaos may be gauged by Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and mutual information - mysterious terms that 'aren't all that difficult once we pick them apart,' says Williams. "Chaos Theory Tamed" makes generous use of lists, graphs, field examples, summaries, and - perhaps most important - friendly language to help the reader learn and use the vocabulary of chaos. It will help scientists, students, and others outside mathematics to use the concepts of chaos in working with data, and it will give the interested lay reader a foothold on the fundamentals of this new realm of thought.
593 citations
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TL;DR: The CAS framework developed within this article maintains a fit among descriptive stance, system behavior, and innovation type, as it considers individual NPD processes to be capable of switching or toggling between different behaviors—linear to chaotic—to produce corresponding innovation outputs that range from incremental to radical in accord with market expectations.
341 citations