Ramadan A Saleh

Bio: Ramadan A Saleh is an academic researcher from Sohag University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Male infertility & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 23, co-authored 68 publications receiving 5214 citations. Previous affiliations of Ramadan A Saleh include South Dakota State University & Alexandria University.

Oxidative stress and male infertility: from research bench to clinical practice.

Abstract: Extensive research in our center at the Cleveland Clinic indicates that the seminal oxidative stress test has diagnostic and prognostic capabilities beyond those of conventional tests of sperm quality or functions. An oxidative stress test can accurately discriminate between fertile and infertile men and identify patients with a clinical diagnosis of male-factor infertility who are likely to initiate a pregnancy if they are followed over a period of time. In addition, the test can help select subgroups of patients with infertility in which oxidative stress is a significant factor, and who may benefit from antioxidant supplementation. Incorporation of such a test into routine andrology laboratory practice may be of particular importance to the future management of male infertility. In recent years, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the male reproductive tract has become a real concern because of their potential toxic effects at high levels on sperm quality and function. ROS are highly reactive oxidizing agents belonging to the class of free radicals (Aitken, 1994). A free radical is defined as ‘‘any atom or molecule that possesses one or more unpaired electrons’’ (Warren et al, 1987). Recent reports have indicated that high levels of ROS are detected in semen samples of 25% to 40% of infertile men (de Lamirande et al, 1995; Padron et al, 1997). However, a strong body of evidence suggests that small amounts of ROS are necessary for spermatozoa to acquire fertilizing capabilities (Aitken, 1999). Spermatozoa, like all cells living in aerobic conditions, constantly face the oxygen (O2) paradox: O2 is required to support life, but its metabolites such as ROS can modify cell functions, endanger cell survival, or both (de Lamirande and Gagnon, 1995). Hence, ROS must be continuously inactivated to keep only a small

Negative effects of increased sperm DNA damage in relation to seminal oxidative stress in men with idiopathic and male factor infertility

Abstract: Objective: To examine the effects of increased sperm DNA damage in relation to seminal oxidative stress in men with idiopathic and male factor infertility. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Infertility clinic at a tertiary care academic institution. Patient(s): Ninety-two infertile men with normal female partners. Sixteen fertile donors served as the control group. Intervention(s): Standard semen analysis and assessment of levels of seminal oxidative stress. Assisted reproductive techniques in 33 of the 92 patients (IUI In = 19], IVF [n = 10], and intracytoplasmic sperm injection [n = 4]). Main Outcome Measure(s): Sperm DNA damage by sperm chromatin structure assay. Results were expressed as DNA fragmentation index. Result(s): Patients were classified as having either idiopathic (n = 23) or male factor infertility (n = 69). Patients with idiopathic and male factor infertility had significantly higher DNA fragmentation index and oxidative stress compared with the case of fertile donors. A clinical pregnancy was achieved in 9 (27%) of 33 patients with assisted reproductive techniques. Significantly higher DNA fragmentation index and oxidative stress were found in men who failed to initiate a pregnancy after assisted reproductive techniques (n = 24), compared with the cases of those who succeeded and of the fertile donors. DNA fragmentation index was correlated positively with oxidative stress (r = 0.27), and negatively with fertilization (r = -0.70) and embryo quality (r = -0.70). Conclusion(s): Sperm DNA damage is significantly increased in men with idiopathic and male factor infertility and in men who failed to initiate a pregnancy after assisted reproductive techniques. Such an increase may be related to high levels of seminal oxidative stress.

The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology

Abstract: For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phag...

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Role of oxidative stress in female reproduction

Abstract: In a healthy body, ROS (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants remain in balance When the balance is disrupted towards an overabundance of ROS, oxidative stress (OS) occurs OS influences the entire reproductive lifespan of a woman and even thereafter (ie menopause) OS results from an imbalance between prooxidants (free radical species) and the body's scavenging ability (antioxidants) ROS are a double-edged sword – they serve as key signal molecules in physiological processes but also have a role in pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract ROS affect multiple physiological processes from oocyte maturation to fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy It has been suggested that OS modulates the age-related decline in fertility It plays a role during pregnancy and normal parturition and in initiation of preterm labor Most ovarian cancers appear in the surface epithelium, and repetitive ovulation has been thought to be a causative factor Ovulation-induced oxidative base damage and damage to DNA of the ovarian epithelium can be prevented by antioxidants There is growing literature on the effects of OS in female reproduction with involvement in the pathophsiology of preeclampsia, hydatidiform mole, free radical-induced birth defects and other situations such as abortions Numerous studies have shown that OS plays a role in the pathoysiology of infertility and assisted fertility There is some evidence of its role in endometriosis, tubal and peritoneal factor infertility and unexplained infertility This article reviews the role OS plays in normal cycling ovaries, follicular development and cyclical endometrial changes It also discusses OS-related female infertility and how it influences the outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques The review comprehensively explores the literature for evidence of the role of oxidative stress in conditions such as abortions, preeclampsia, hydatidiform mole, fetal embryopathies, preterm labour and preeclampsia and gestational diabetes The review also addresses the growing literature on the role of nitric oxide species in female reproduction The involvement of nitric oxide species in regulation of endometrial and ovarian function, etiopathogenesis of endometriosis, and maintenance of uterine quiescence, initiation of labour and ripening of cervix at parturition is discussed Complex interplay between cytokines and oxidative stress in the etiology of female reproductive disorders is discussed Oxidant status of the cell modulates angiogenesis, which is critical for follicular growth, corpus luteum formation endometrial differentiation and embryonic growth is also highlighted in the review Strategies to overcome oxidative stress and enhance fertility, both natural and assisted are delineated Early interventions being investigated for prevention of preeclampsia are enumerated Trials investigating combination intervention strategy of vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation in preventing preeclampsia are highlighted Antioxidants are powerful and there are few trials investigating antioxidant supplementation in female reproduction However, before clinicians recommend antioxidants, randomized controlled trials with sufficient power are necessary to prove the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in disorders of female reproduction Serial measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers in longitudinal studies may help delineate the etiology of some of the diosorders in female reproduction such as preeclampsia