Building Leadership Effectiveness This program encourages leaders to develop practices that transform values into action, vision into realities, obstacles into innovations, and risks into rewards. Participants will be introduced to the five practices of exemplary leadership: modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act, and encouraging the heart Coaching & Communicating for Performance Coaching & Communicating for Performance is a highly interactive program that will give supervisors and managers the opportunity to build skills that will enable them to share expectations and set objectives for employees, provide constructive feedback, more effectively engage in learning conversations, and coaching opportunities. Skillful Conflict Management for Leaders As a leader, it is important to understand conflict and be effective at conflict management because the way conflict is resolved becomes an integral component of our university’s culture. This series of conflict management sessions help leaders learn and put into practice effective strategies for managing conflict.

기독교 사역과 Leadership

第１章 ＧＥＭ調査の概要（分析の枠組み；調査方法；起業活動の定義；起業活動率；起業活動と経済成長；起業の計画と失敗） 第２章 起業家と事業特性（起業家の背景；起業家の能力；事業特性；起業家教育） 第３章 起業の環境（社会的資源；起業家に対する評価；経済危機の影響；起業活動の投資環境） 第４章 専門家調査（資金調達；政府の方針；支援プログラム；教育システム；技術移転；コマーシャル・サービス；起業文化；事業機会；経営能力；起業家に対する評価；女性への支援；急成長への注目；イノベーションへの関心；調査結果） 第５章 政策への提

起業と経済成長 : global entrepreneurship monitor調査報告

The literature of small business and entrepreneurship is explored. It is established that, although there is an overlap between entrepreneurial firms and small business firms, they are different entities. Using the 1934 work of Schumpeter and recognizing the additions to the field of current writers, a conceptual framework is established for the differentiation of entrepreneurs from small business owners. Keywords: entrepreneurial, Small business

Differentiating Entrepreneurs from Small Business Owners: A Conceptualization

Examines the motivation for achievement as a psychological factor that shapes economic development. Refuting arguments based on race, climate, or population growth, the book instead argues for cultural customs and motivations - especially the motivation for achievement - as the major catalysts of economic growth. Considering the Protestant Reformation, the rise of capitalism, parents' influences on sons, and folklore and children's stories as shaping cultural motivations for achievement, the book hypothesizes that a high level of achievement motivation precedes economic growth. This is supported through qualitative analysis of the achievement motive, as well as of other psychological factors - including entrepreneurial behavior and characteristics, and available sources of achievement in past and present highly achieving societies. It is the achievement motive - and not merely the profit motive or the desire for material gain - that has advanced societies economically. Consequently, individuals are not merely products of their environment, as many social scientists have asserted, but also creators of the environment, as they manipulate it in various ways in the search for achievement. Finally, a plan is hypothesized to accelerate economic growth in developing countries, by encouraging and supplementing their achievement motives through mobilizing the greater achievement resources of developed countries. The conclusion is not just that motivations shape economic progress, but that current influences on future people's motivations and values will determine economic growth in the long run. Thus, it is most beneficial for a society to concentrate its resources on creating an environment conducive to entrepreneurship and a strong ideological base for achievement. (CJC)

The Achieving Society

This chapter is concerned with the ways in which organizational structure can act as a means of influencing and controlling the behaviour of the individuals who work within it. This is the subject matter of organizational theory, so the first part of the chapter reviews its development. It is found that no coherent overall theory of organizational design exists, rather organizational theory consists of a series of different yet related insights which have emerged over a period of several decades.

The design of organizations

Despite numerous research studies the theme of ‘Why, when and how some people (entrepreneurs) and not others discover, evaluate and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities?’ still needs intensive inq...

Entrepreneurial Competencies A Meta-analysis and Comprehensive Conceptualization for Future Research

This article incorporates the results of extensive review of earlier research carried out by the authors in the area of Facilitators, Barriers and Gateways to Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is influenced by both extrinsic environmental factors and intrinsic individual characteristics. Generalized self efficacy has a significant effect on firm performance through entrepreneurial orientation. Opportunity to be innovative, need for achievement, internal locus of control, and Innovativeness along withpro-activeness and risk-taking influence business performance. Tolerance for ambiguity has also been found positively related to entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Education enhances entrepreneurs' performance both directly and indirectly. Prior entrepreneurial experience is the most consistent predictor of future entrepreneurial performance. High performing entrepreneurs tend to be more externally oriented and maintained a broad and complex network of ongoing relationship with people both inside and outside of the firm. Insufficient social network creates hurdles in the way of entrepreneurship. Inadequate support in raising required funds is the main constraint in startingup of a new venture. Psychological barriers to entrepreneurship mainly include fear of failure, risk aversion attitude, and feeling of lacking relevant expertise and experience. Low level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, inadequate or inappropriate infrastructure and legislations also appear as common barriers to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy can be strengthened through social exposure and social networking. Specially designed measures need to be adopted for promotion of entrepreneurship that would help in developing a wide base of population. The phenomenon of entrepreneurship is complex and heterogeneous therefore, it is difficult to suggest that the phenomenon is predictable within a deterministic framework.INTRODUCTIONEntrepreneurship is a tool for economic growth (Venkataraman, 1997) and economic development (Shane, 2008) because it enables structural change and regional development (Morris, 2001), generating employment, promoting innovation, producing competition, and creating wealth (Chiles et al, 2007). It also creates invention and diversity, promotes a greater ability to adjust and to focus on customer needs, and introduces new technologies and management methods (Draft, 2000). Moreover, it can benefit a society by bringing in new products and services (Low, 2006). Since entrepreneurship plays a vital role in social prosperity and national development, it has received considerable attention of all the sections of the society. An entrepreneur establishes an enterprise and does everything that is required to transform his/her business concept into marketable reality and in the process he/she aims to become successful in his entrepreneurial efforts. Luke et al. (2007), in illustrating their framework for analyzing financial and nonfinancial benefits of entrepreneurship, offered several measures of entrepreneurial outcome, ranging from the more conventional measures such as entrepreneur satisfaction, revenues, profits, number of ventures and employee growth, to those that are less commonly used such as standards of living, employment rates, welfare, savings from increased employment and increase in tax revenues because of entrepreneurial activity. Storey (1994) suggests that successful entrepreneurial activity process results from a combination of three basic components which are: (i) the characteristics of the organization (including resources, capabilities, strategic choice etc.); (ii) the environment (including factors external and internal to an organization); and (iii) the entrepreneur (including his motives, behavior, background, and psychological characteristics/traits of his personality). These three components are not mutually exclusive and they influence the growth and success of small firms in a combined way. …

A Review of Facilitators, Barriers and Gateways to Entrepreneurship: Directions for Future Research

In earlier research, it has been discovered that contrary to the assumptions and theories of conventional finance, many irrational behaviors related to investment judgment occur in real life. In this paper, we have made an extensive review of various behavioral biases that affect investment decision making of the individual investors. Extant research indicates that individual investor makes his/her investment decision under the influence of some combination of behavioural biases, which mainly include disposition effect, mental accounting, investors’ overconfidence, representativeness, narrow framing, aversion to ambiguity, anchoring, availability bias, and regret aversion. Under the influence of some such biases or combination of the same, individual investors often make irrational investment decisions. And therefore, individual investors, in aggregate, earn poor long-run returns. These aspects have been highlighted in this paper. Potential solutions to mitigate the adverse impact of behavioral biases on decision making of individual investors have also been discussed. Finally, future research direction relevant to such an area has been indicated in this paper.

Behavioral Biases in the Decision Making of Individual Investors

The present article assesses the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy beliefs (ESE beliefs), entrepreneurial marketing orientation (EMO) and entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) of Indian entrepreneurs as well as to examine inter-relationships between these variables ESE beliefs and EAO were found to be moderately favourable whereas EMO was found to be highly favourable All the three predictors, namely, ESE Beliefs, EMO and EAO were found to be positively correlated to one another Almost all the components of the three predictors were also found to have moderate or low degree of positive correlation with one another Regression analysis revealed that the three predictors had a significant impact on a venture’s performance The results are quite consistent with the findings of earlier research Correlation analysis and regression analysis clearly indicated that the hypothesised model that had been proposed for the study has been found fit and hence, can be used to make broader generalisations

Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Marketing Orientation and Attitude Orientation of Indian Entrepreneurs

The present study is an attempt to develop a theoretical framework of career oriented attitudes (COAs) and employability of technology graduates from Indian institutions and also to develop scales to measure the same. Secondly, in this study, (a) the existing levels of such attitudes (viz., career-task involvement, career-goal sensitivity, career-purpose social networking and career-linked self-efficacy) and competitive strength for employability (CSEMP) have been measured and (b) the impact of such career oriented attitudes on competitive strength for employability of those graduates has been assessed. The two scales were administered to 222 technology graduates from three different segments of selected technology institutions. Career-purpose social networking was found very strong and the other three attitudes as well as CSEMP were found strong among the technology graduates. Correlation analysis shows that all the four attitudes are correlated with each other and regression analysis reveals that such a...

Ravindra Jain

Papers

Entrepreneurial Competencies A Meta-analysis and Comprehensive Conceptualization for Future Research

A Review of Facilitators, Barriers and Gateways to Entrepreneurship: Directions for Future Research

Behavioral Biases in the Decision Making of Individual Investors

Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Marketing Orientation and Attitude Orientation of Indian Entrepreneurs

Conceptualization, Measure Development and Empirical Assessment of Career Oriented Attitudes and Employability of Technology Graduates: