Ray Marks

TL;DR: The common clinical features of chronic diseases and the diverse disease management strategies used for alleviating pain and preventing disability associated with these are described and the role of self-efficacy as a theoretical framework for successful self-management interventions is reviewed.

TL;DR: This review examines all pertinent literature sources published in the English language between 1966 to the present concerning hip fracture epidemiology, hip fracture injury mechanisms, and hip fracture management strategies to reveal the impact of falls and muscle weakness seems to be the most likely explanation for the rising incidence of hip fracture injuries.

TL;DR: It appears hip fractures remain a serious global health issue, despite some declines in the incidence rate of hip fractures among some women, and well-designed primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive efforts applied in both affluent as well as developing countries are desirable to reduce the present and future burden.

TL;DR: It is concluded that interventions to enhance self-efficacy, social support, and skills in long-term monitoring of progress are necessary to foster exercise adherence among people with OA.

TL;DR: A hyperbolic dose-response relationship between physical activity and general mental health is established, with an optimal range of 2.5 to 7.5h of physical activity per week being established.