Raymond N. Yong

Bio: Raymond N. Yong is an academic researcher from McGill University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Consolidation (soil) & Soil water. The author has an hindex of 31, co-authored 148 publications receiving 3767 citations. Previous affiliations of Raymond N. Yong include Bu-Ali Sina University & Cardiff University.

Principles of Contaminant Transport in Soils

Abstract: Preface. 1. Waste Generation and Disposal. Waste and waste management. Hazardous waste classification. Waste, and its lethality. Regulated, non-regulated waste and 4 R's. Requirements and problems in land disposal. Concluding remarks. 2. Soil Composition. Soil material. Soil surfaces. Electric charge. Soil organics. Concluding remarks. 3. Wastes and Contaminants. Introduction. Hazardous wastes and toxic substances. Sources of wastes. Chemically reactive groups. Contaminant characteristics and properties. Some typical wastes. Concluding remarks. 4. Soil-Water Interaction and Relations. Introduction. Interaction with water. Energies of interaction. Bonding and interactions. Soil-water potential. Water movement in clay soils. Summary and general observations. 5. Contaminant-Soil Interaction. Introduction. Interaction by chemically reactive groups. Contaminant-soil interaction mechanisms. Sorption of contaminants. Sorption by soil constituents. Soil interaction with organic chemicals. Concluding remarks. 6. Soil Permeability: Characteristics and Laboratory Measurements. Introduction. Laboratory methods for permeability testing. Clay soil permeability. Influence of contaminants on clay permeability. Summary and concluding remarks. 7. Evaluation of Adsorption and Diffusion. Introduction. Batch equilibrium and column leaching tests. Selective sequential extraction. Estimation of transport parameters. Field evaluation. Concluding remarks. 8. Contaminant Transport Modelling: Solute Transport. Nature of the problem. Contaminant transport models. Modelling for physico-chemical forces. Calibration and validation of models. Concluding remarks. 9. Contaminant Transport Modelling: Transport of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids. Introduction. NAPL pathways in substrate soil. NAPL fate and transport. Model development. Concluding remarks. References and Suggested Reading. Index.

Soil Properties and Behaviour

Abstract: Keywords: Mecanique des sols ; Geotechnique (generalites) Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08

Microstructure of Smectite Clays and Engineering Performance

Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Smectite Clays 3. Microstructure of Natural Smectite Clay 4. Microstructure of Artificial Clay-Based Engineered Barriers 5. Clay Properties and Microstructural Constitution 6. Microstructural Function of Smectite Clay in Waste Isolation 7. Long-term Function of Smectite Clay for Waste Isolation 8. Theoretical Modelling of the Performance of Smectite Clay Microstructure

Introduction to soil behavior

Abstract: STUDIES OF SOILS WHICH ARE PERTINENT TO ENGINEERING USAGE ARE BEING CARRIED OUT IN VARIOUS DISCIPLINES. THE METHODS OF STUDY HAVE SIMILARITIES, AND THERE IS INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEREST IN THIS WORK, WITH THE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ONE FIELD BEING USED IN ANOTHER. THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL MECHANICS TO OTHER DISCIPLINES IS FOUND ESPECIALLY IN THE RECENT WIDESPREAD INTEREST IN THE BEHAVIOR OF CLAY SOILS. IT IS IN ITS TREATMENT OF CLAYS THAT THIS BOOK DIFFERS MOST FROM OTHERS IN ITS FIELD. THE BEHAVIOR OF CLAYS IS QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF GRANULAR SOILS. RECENT ADVANCES IN QUANTITATIVE COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY ARE NOW BEING APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF CLAYS AND A BODY OF INFORMATION IS BEING BUILT UP. THIS MATERIAL IS PRESENTED IN AN EASILY AVAILABLE FORM. THE BOOK HAS BEEN WRITTEN PRIMARILY AS AN INTRODUCTORY TEXT ON SOIL BEHAVIOR FOR STUDENTS TAKING SOIL MECHANICS COURSES, FOR RESEARCH WORKERS IN SOILS, AND FOR PRACTICING ENGINEERS WHO REQUIRE A MORE DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF SOIL PROPERTIES. SOME ASPECTS OF SOIL PROPERTIES AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION WHICH WOULD BE COVERED IN AN ELEMENTARY COURSE IN SOIL MECHANICS OR SOIL ENGINEERING HAVE BEEN INCLUDED TO PROVIDE FOR COMPLETENESS IN THE TREATMENT OF SOIL BEHAVIOR, AND ALSO TO PROVIDE FOR CONTINUITY. WHILE APPLICATIONS ARE NOT OMITTED, THE EXPLANATION OF SOIL BEHAVIOR IS EMPHASIZED RATHER THAN STUDY OF SOIL AS A MATERIAL FOR A PARTICULAR APPLICATION.

VALIDITY OF CUBIC LAW FOR FLUID FLOW IN A DEFORMABLE ROCK FRACTURE - eScholarship

Abstract: The validity of the cubic law for laminar flow of fluids through open fractures consisting of parallel planar plates has been established by others over a wide range of conditions with apertures ranging down to a minimum of 0.2 µm. The law may be given in simplified form by Q/Δh = C(2b)3, where Q is the flow rate, Δh is the difference in hydraulic head, C is a constant that depends on the flow geometry and fluid properties, and 2b is the fracture aperture. The validity of this law for flow in a closed fracture where the surfaces are in contact and the aperture is being decreased under stress has been investigated at room temperature by using homogeneous samples of granite, basalt, and marble. Tension fractures were artificially induced, and the laboratory setup used radial as well as straight flow geometries. Apertures ranged from 250 down to 4µm, which was the minimum size that could be attained under a normal stress of 20 MPa. The cubic law was found to be valid whether the fracture surfaces were held open or were being closed under stress, and the results are not dependent on rock type. Permeability was uniquely defined by fracture aperture and was independent of the stress history used in these investigations. The effects of deviations from the ideal parallel plate concept only cause an apparent reduction in flow and may be incorporated into the cubic law by replacing C by C/ƒ. The factor ƒ varied from 1.04 to 1.65 in these investigations. The model of a fracture that is being closed under normal stress is visualized as being controlled by the strength of the asperities that are in contact. These contact areas are able to withstand significant stresses while maintaining space for fluids to continue to flow as the fracture aperture decreases. The controlling factor is the magnitude of the aperture, and since flow depends on (2b)3, a slight change in aperture evidently can easily dominate any other change in the geometry of the flow field. Thus one does not see any noticeable shift in the correlations of our experimental results in passing from a condition where the fracture surfaces were held open to one where the surfaces were being closed under stress.

Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples.

Abstract: A comprehensive review of the sequential extraction schemes for metal fractionation in environmental samples (i.e., sediment, soil, sewage sludge, fly ash, etc.) is presented. The review contains more than 400 references and covers principally the literature published over the last decade. The use of each reagent involved in these schemes is looked at critically, and guidelines for their selectivity and extraction capacity are given. The operational character of these schemes is emphasised. Topics such as comparability between sequential extraction schemes of widespread use, harmonisation, acceleration, validation, etc. are addressed and future developments outlined.