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Raza Ullah

Bio: Raza Ullah is an academic researcher from University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The author has contributed to research in topics: Risk management & Medicine. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 54 publications receiving 622 citations. Previous affiliations of Raza Ullah include Islamia College University & University of Peshawar.

Papers published on a yearly basis

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt to quantify farmers' perceptions of catastrophic risks, their risk attitude and assess the effect of farm and farm household characteristics, farmers' access to information and credit sources on their risk perceptions and risk attitude.
Abstract: Farmers' risk attitude and risk perceptions are crucial factors that affect their farm production, investment and management decisions. Risk averse farmers are less willing to take on activities and investments that have higher expected outcomes, but carry with them risks of failure. This research is an attempt to quantify farmers' perceptions of catastrophic risks, their risk attitude and to assess the effect of farm and farm household characteristics, farmers' access to information and credit sources on their risk perceptions and risk attitude. Equally Likely Certainty Equivalent approach is used to elicit farmers' attitude towards risk and risk matrix is used to rank farmers' perception of four calamitous risk sources including floods, heavy rains, pest and diseases and droughts. The results revealed that majority of the farmers are risk averse in nature and consider floods, heavy rains and pest and diseases to be potential threats to their farms enterprise. Age and education of the household head, off-farm monthly income of the household, land ownership status and farmer' access to informal credit sources significantly affect farmers' attitude towards risk. The effects of socio-economic and demographic factors on farmers' risk perceptions are insignificant while access to formal information and informal credit sources adds to the risk perceptions of farmers. The study provides useful insights for farmers, agricultural policy makers, extension services, researchers and agricultural insurance sector. Understanding farmers' risk attitude and risk perceptions have implications for policy makers and research institutions in providing farmers with accurate information, formulating sophisticated risk management tools and providing agricultural credit and extension services.

115 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a dataset of 600 households collected through face-to-face interviews from two districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province that were severely affected from 2010 floods.
Abstract: Pakistan is one of the most adversely affected countries by climate-related extreme events such as floods owing to its geographical and climatic conditions Over the last two decades, frequency and severity of flood events have been increased and has adversely affected the livelihood and well-being of millions of people in Pakistan The development of effective mitigation policies requires a clear understanding of the impacts and local responses to extreme events, which is quite limited in Pakistan This study used a dataset of 600 households collected through face-to-face interviews from two districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province that were severely affected from 2010 floods The correlation and probit model methods are used to assess the study objectives The findings of the study revealed that elevated ground floor, foundation strengthening, construction of house with reinforced material and precautionary savings were the main adaptation measures adopted at household level The results from the probit model showed that gender, age, location, monthly income, family size, house ownership, disability, and education influence the households’ choices of mitigation strategies The study further indicated that adoption of mitigation strategies at household level is constrained by several factors, ie, financial constraint, lack of early warning system, lack of land use planning and inadequate resources Further mitigation strategies also varied across different groups of households based on education, age, and income Additionally the study discovered that the local policies on disaster management need to be improved to address the barriers to the adoption of advanced level adaptation measures at the household level such as advanced level early warning system, flood forecasting and dissemination of updated information and support, house building codes, infrastructure building practices, and adequate spatial planning

100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of farm and farm household characteristics, farmer's perceptions of catastrophic risk sources and farmer's attitude towards risk on their decisions to adopt diversification and precautionary savings to manage farm risk keeping in view the possible correlation between the risk management adoption decisions using a bivariate and multinomial probit models.
Abstract: The use of multiple risk management tools at the same time is a common practice among the farming communities around the world. However, most of the previous studies ignored the correlation among the risk management adoption decisions and the potential for simultaneous adoption of the risk management tools. This study is therefore, designed to investigate the impact of farm and farm household characteristics, farmer’s perceptions of catastrophic risk sources and farmer’s attitude towards risk on their decisions to adopt diversification and precautionary savings to manage farm risk keeping in view the possible correlation between the risk management adoption decisions using a bivariate and multinomial probit models. 330 respondents are randomly selected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan using a multistage sampling technique. The results confirmed the correlation between the risk management adoption decisions and revealed that adoption of one risk management tool may make it more likely to adopt the other risk management tool at the same time. Moreover, the results also highlighted the role of age and education of the household head, monthly household income, land ownership status and risk averse nature of the farmers on the decisions to adopt diversification and precautionary savings to manage farm risks. The use of both bivariate and multinomial probit approaches provides richer interpretations, better inferences, and more information that may further improve understanding of the risk management decisions of farmers and will help policy maker to better anticipate which farmer will adopt government support risk management tool in the presence of traditional risk management tools.

89 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focused on investigating the role of women entrepreneurship and innovation technologies in contributing to household income in the challenging situation of the pandemic COVID-19 and emphasized identifying the determinants of female entrepreneurial contribution toward household income.
Abstract: Women entrepreneurs innovate, initiate, engage, and run business enterprises to contribute the domestic development. Women entrepreneurs think and start taking risks of operating enterprises and combine various factors involved in production to deal with the uncertain business environment. Entrepreneurship and technological innovation play a crucial role in developing the economy by creating job opportunities, improving skills, and executing new ideas. It has a significant impact on the income of the household. The study focused on investigating the role of women’s entrepreneurship and innovation technologies in contributing to household income in the challenging situation of the pandemic COVID-19. The paper emphasized identifying the determinants of female entrepreneurial contribution toward household income. This study collected data from selected rural and urban areas of district Faisalabad through a self-administered questionnaire. Investigators interviewed female entrepreneurs and chose them through the snowball sampling technique from a population of purposively selected female-run businesses. Interviews were conducted with women entrepreneurs to gather relevant information for the survey investigation at their workplaces and home. The effects of various factors, including age, education, family size, income from other sources, time allocated to entrepreneurial activity, firm size, and location (rural/urban) were estimated empirically using an ordered logit model. The study findings exhibited a positive and significant role of respondents’ education, family size, time allocated to entrepreneurial activities, and firm size. The survey outcomes also indicated that the contribution of entrepreneurial income to household income in the rural areas is significantly higher than that in urban areas. This study signifies that regulations against gender discrimination in public and private institutions are helpful. Besides, encouraging an environment for entrepreneurial culture among women in the country would increase family income. The study’s findings and policy implications directly link to Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) 5 of Gender Equality (GE) and SDG 8 related to decent work and economic growth.

73 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the previous literature on agricultural risk and uncertainties is presented. But, due to the variable economic and biophysical environment, agricultural activities are subjected to variety of risks and uncertainties.
Abstract: Owing to the variable economic and biophysical environment, agricultural activities are subjected to variety of risks and uncertainties. Our contemporary review of the previous literature distingui...

53 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
24 May 2017-Foods
TL;DR: To cope with and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, there is a need for the development of heat- and drought-resistant high-yielding varieties to ensure food security in the country.
Abstract: Pakistan is vulnerable to climate change, and extreme climatic conditions are threatening food security. This study examines the effects of climate change (e.g., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and the sunshine) on the major crops of Pakistan (e.g., wheat, rice, maize, and sugarcane). The methods of feasible generalized least square (FGLS) and heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation (HAC) consistent standard error were employed using time series data for the period 1989 to 2015. The results of the study reveal that maximum temperature adversely affects wheat production, while the effect of minimum temperature is positive and significant for all crops. Rainfall effect towards the yield of a selected crop is negative, except for wheat. To cope with and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, there is a need for the development of heat- and drought-resistant high-yielding varieties to ensure food security in the country.

291 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used panel cointegration techniques to examine the relationship between renewable energy consumption, trade and output in a sample of 11 African countries covering the period 1980-2008.
Abstract: We use panel cointegration techniques to examine the relationship between renewable energy consumption, trade and output in a sample of 11 African countries covering the period 1980-2008. The results from panel error correction model reveal that there is evidence of bidirectional causality between output and exports and between output and imports in both the short-run and the long-run. However, in the short-run, there is no evidence of causality between output and renewable energy consumption and between trade (exports or imports) and renewable energy consumption. In the long-run, the FMOLS panel approach estimation shows that renewable energy consumption and trade (exports or imports) have a statistically significant and positive impact on output. Policies recommendations are that, in the long-run, international trade enables African countries to benefit from technology transfer and to build the human and physical capacities needed to produce more renewable energies, which in turn increases their output.

189 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the risks related to climate variability and the adaptation measures utilized by farm households in their farms to cope with the adverse shocks of climatic disasters, such as floods and droughts.

187 citations

01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The second workshop will take place at the Saint John Hotel (http://www.saintjohn.gr), Mykonos, on 15 and 16 June 2006.
Abstract: The Organization Studies Summer Workshop is an annual activity, first launched in June 2005, to facilitate high-quality scholarship in organization studies. Its primary aim is to advance cutting-edge research on important topics in the field by bringing together on a Greek island, in early summer, a small and competitively selected group of scholars, who will have the opportunity to interact and share insights in a stimulating and scenic environment. Following on the tremendous success of the First Organization Studies Workshop on Santorini, we are happy to announce that the Second Workshop will take place at Saint John Hotel (http://www.saintjohn.gr), Mykonos, on 15 and 16 June 2006. Mykonos (http://www.mykonosgreece.com/, http://www.mykonos.net), a worldfamous resort with beautiful sandy beaches, unique Cycladic architecture, and unrivalled night life, will provide an ideal setting for workshop participants to relax and engage in authentic dialogue. With this workshop we aim to create a setting in which the juices of intellectual creativity will naturally flow. Because the aim of the workshop is to generate opportunities for creative interaction and intelligent conversation, the number of participants will be kept intentionally small — up to 50 papers will be accepted. Papers will be circulated in advance and participants will be urged to read them prior to the workshop. More about the practicalities and costs of the workshop will appear later on the Organization Studies website (www.egosnet.org/os).

158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focus on nitrogen use efficiency that is the major concern of modern days to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as safety of global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization and nitrate leaching.
Abstract: Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal, proteomic changes and growth-development of plants to complete its lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants. For world’s sustainable food production and atmospheric benefits, there is an urgent need to up-grade nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural farming system. The nitrogen use efficiency is the product of nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, it varies from 30.2 to 53.2%. Nitrogen losses are too high, due to excess amount, low plant population, poor application methods etc., which can go up to 70% of total available nitrogen. These losses can be minimized up to 15–30% by adopting improved agronomic approaches such as optimal dosage of nitrogen, application of N by using canopy sensors, maintaining plant population, drip fertigation and legume based intercropping. A few transgenic studies have shown improvement in nitrogen uptake and even increase in biomass. Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase and asparagine synthetase enzyme have a great role in nitrogen metabolism. However, further studies on carbon–nitrogen metabolism and molecular changes at omic levels are required by using “whole genome sequencing technology” to improve nitrogen use efficiency. This review focus on nitrogen use efficiency that is the major concern of modern days to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as safety of global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization and nitrate leaching.

152 citations