Renzo Guerrini

TL;DR: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) are localized regions of malformed cerebral cortex and are very frequently associated with epilepsy in both children and adults.

TL;DR: The panel proposed a specific terminology for the different types of abnormal cells encountered in the cerebral cortex of patients with FCD, a reappraisal of the different histopathologic abnormalities usually subsumed under the term “microdysgenesis,” and a more detailed yet straightforward classification of the various histopathological features that usually are included under the heterogeneous term of “focal cortical dysplasia.”

TL;DR: This review addresses recent changes in the perception of malformations of cerebral cortical development and proposes a modified classification based upon updates in the knowledge of cerebral cortex development.

TL;DR: A revised classification based on the stage of development at which cortical development was first affected is proposed, using genotype, rather than phenotype, as the basis for classifying disorders wherever the genotype–phenotype relationship is adequately understood.

TL;DR: Treatment and quality of life have improved because the syndrome-specific efficacy profile of drugs is better known, and there is heightened awareness that compounds with severe cognitive side-effects and heavy polytherapies should be avoided.