Reza Arshady

Bio: Reza Arshady is an academic researcher from Imperial College London. The author has contributed to research in topic(s): Copolymer & Styrene. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 23 publication(s) receiving 1338 citation(s).

Preparation of biodegradable microspheres and microcapsules: 2. Polyactides and related polyesters

Abstract: This review presents a general survey of the manufacturing methods of microspheres and microcapsules based on biodegradable polyesters, including polylactides, polyglycolide, polyhydroxybutyrate, polycaprolactone, polycarbonates and related copolymers. Various procedures and modifications of solvent evaporation and solvent extraction techniques employed for these preparations are described. The effects of process parameters (e.g. polymer concentration, stirring speed and mode of solvent removal) on microsphere/microcapsule characteristics (e.g. panicle size, porosity and release pattern) are also outlined.

Microspheres for biomedical applications: preparation of reactive and labelled microspheres.

Abstract: This review describes the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of reactive and labelled microspheres useful for biomedical applications. Preparation of microspheres with specific functional groups, fluorescent species, radionuclides and magnetite particles (Fe2O3) are discussed. Physico-chemical properties of microspheres, including surface charge and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, are also briefly covered.

Microspheres and microcapsules, a survey of manufacturing techniques Part II: Coacervation

Abstract: A methodological survey of coacervation/phase separation techniques employed for the preparation of microspheres and microcapsules is presented. Basic features of macromolecular coacervation are discussed, and a classification of different coacervation procedures (i.e., simple, complex, aqueous, and nonaqueous) is provided. Microsphere formation and microencapsulation techniques based on coacervation/phase separation of gelatin, gelatin-acacia, and ethylcellulose are described, and those of a wide range of other polysaccharide derivatives and synthetic polymers are tabulated. The dependence of microsphere/microcapsule characteristics on manufacturing parameters and performance evaluation of microspherical/microcapsular products are also discussed.

Albumin microspheres and microcapsules: Methodology of manufacturing techniques

Abstract: A methodological review of the preparation of albumin nano/microspheres and nano/microcapsules by suspension crosslinking is presented. Basic features of suspension crosslinking techniques, i.e. droplet formation and stabilization, particle size and size distribution, and droplet hardening are discussed. Droplet/particle size control by the adjustment of manufacturing parameters such as apparatus design, fluid viscosity, stabilizer and stirrer speed are analyzed. Typical procedures for the preparation of albumin nano/microspheres and nano/microcapsules (including magnetically sensitive ones) are discussed on the basis of the particle size range they produce and the type of oil phase they employ. Manufacturing problems, including microencapsulation of solid core materials, droplet coalescence, central or peripheral location of magnetic particles in albumin microcapsules, are illustrated and discussed. The dependence of microcapsule characteristics, namely hydration, biodegradability and core release, are also outlined.

Beaded polymer supports and gels: I. Manufacturing techniques

Abstract: A general review of preparative aspects of beaded polymer supports and gels (microbeads) is presented. Basic features of manufacturing processes employed for the production of beaded organic and inorganic polymers and gels are discussed. Typical procedures for the synthesis of beaded silica, polysaccharides, polyacrylamides, polymethacrylates and polystyrene are described. Preparative aspects of microspherical products based on inorganic-organic composites, interpenetrating networks, pellicular particles, core-shell grafts and recently introduced amphiphilic copolymer resins are also discussed.

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices

Abstract: This review presents the most outstanding contributions in the field of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles used as drug delivery systems. Methods of preparation, drug loading and drug release are covered. The most important findings on surface modification methods as well as surface characterization are covered from 1990 through mid-2000.

Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) as Biodegradable Controlled Drug Delivery Carrier

Abstract: In past two decades poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been among the most attractive polymeric candidates used to fabricate devices for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. PLGA is biocompatible and biodegradable, exhibits a wide range of erosion times, has tunable mechanical properties and most importantly, is a FDA approved polymer. In particular, PLGA has been extensively studied for the development of devices for controlled delivery of small molecule drugs, proteins and other macromolecules in commercial use and in research. This manuscript describes the various fabrication techniques for these devices and the factors affecting their degradation and drug release.

The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices.

Abstract: A considerable research has been conducted on drug delivery by biodegradable polymeric devices, following the entry of bioresorbable surgical sutures in the market about two decades ago. Amongst the different classes of biodegradable polymers, the thermoplastic aliphatic poly(esters) like poly(lactide) (PLA), poly(glycolide) (PGA), and especially the copolymer of lactide and glycolide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have generated immense interest due to their favorable properties such as good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. Also, they are easy to formulate into different devices for carrying a variety of drug classes such as vaccines, peptides, proteins, and micromolecules. Also, they have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug delivery. This review discusses the various traditional and novel techniques (such as in situ microencapsulation) of preparing various drug loaded PLGA devices, with emphasis on preparing microparticles. Also, certain issues about other related biodegradable polyesters are discussed.

Anti-angiogenic compositions and methods of use

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising an anti-angiogenic factor, and a polymeric carrier. Representative examples of anti-angiogenic factors include Anti-Invasive Factor, Retinoic acids and derivatives thereof, and paclitaxel. Also provided are methods for embolizing blood vessels, and eliminating biliary, urethral, esophageal, and tracheal/bronchial obstructions.

Properties of lactic acid based polymers and their correlation with composition

Abstract: This review focuses on the properties of lactic acid based polymers and the correlation to the structure of the polymers. Lactic acid based polymers prepared by polycondensation (PC), ring-opening polymerization (ROP), and other methods (chain extension, grafting) are discussed as well as modifications where structural changes have occurred due to post-polymerization reactions (peroxide melt-modification, radiation processing). The different types of polymers include copolymers prepared by ROP from l , l -lactide and d , d -lactide, glycolide (GA), e-caprolactone (CL), trimethylene carbonate (TMC), 1,5-dioxepan-2-one (DXO), and other cyclic analogues. The thermophysical properties, the solubility, the miscibility, and the mechanical properties have been reviewed. In addition the hydrolytic stability, the thermal stability, the radiation degradation, and the biodegradation of the polymers have been covered.