Rhoads Murphey

Bio: Rhoads Murphey is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: China & Human geography. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 27 publications receiving 566 citations.

The Dynamics of Urban Growth in Three Chinese Cities

Abstract: The theme of this book is the interplay of geography, size, and industrial structure in determining the industrial vigor of cities. At any point in time, a city's economic prospects are determined by location, historical traditions, and momentum derived from past development and the available production base, which is composed of infrastructure, physical facilities, human capital, and administrative capabilities. These givens define an initial menu of possibilities, but no city is bound by them. The set of options can be enlarged, comparative advantage can be reshaped, and development paths can be redirected by suitable action, which takes history as a point of departure, but then uses policy to augment the resource base, exploit locational benefits, solve systemic ills, and improve the functioning of the city as a dynamic organism. This book explores the experience of three Chinese cities -Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou- and abundantly illustrates that turning each of these factors or givens to the city's benefit requires sound policymaking. Unless initiatives are taken to exploit inherited capabilities and to approach comparative advantage in a dynamic framework, a strong production base can start to decay, pulling the city into a vicious, downward spiral. This book is divided into 7 chapters. Chapter 2 provides the historical backdrop to economic geography in the three cities extending from early in this century to the eve of reform. It also describes the course of urban and industrial development in China and situates the three cities within the national context. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 explore the salient features of development in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou, respectively, relating the efforts of each city to enhance its industrial strength through the effective deployment of reforms. Chapter 6 compares the experiences of the three cities and their strategies, relates these to restructuring efforts in other metropolitan areas of the world, and looks at the forces driving urban change in China. Finally, Chapter 7 reviews the main messages emerging from the juxtaposition of theory and experience in the context of the three cities, and examines their future strategic choices regarding reform and the directions of sectoral development.

The Fading of the Maoist Vision: City and Country in China's Development

Abstract: First published in 1980. This book analyzes Chinese society and evaluates the achievements and failures of the Maoist ideology. The central theme is the urban and rural balance in China's development from the Revolution to the late twentieth century. The Fading of the Maoist Vision shows how the original Revolutionary blueprint was altered and the ways in which China has steered a different course from that charted by Mao as the ideological vision encountered an increasingly pressing set of economic realities. The book: * Is particularly valuable in setting China's achievements in the larger context of global ideas about the problems of national development and by comparing them to the experience of India in its pursuit of the Gandhian ideal.

On the Road: Access to Transportation Infrastructure and Economic Growth in China

Abstract: This paper estimates the effect of access to transportation networks on regional economic outcomes in China over a twenty-period of rapid income growth. It addresses the problem of the endogenous placement of networks by exploiting the fact that these networks tend to connect historical cities. Our results show that proximity to transportation networks have a moderate positive causal effect on per capita GDP levels across sectors, but no effect on per capita GDP growth. We provide a simple theoretical framework with empirically testable predictions to interpret our results. We argue that our results are consistent with factor mobility playing an important role in determining the economic benefits of infrastructure development.

The Multi-dimensional Analysis of Social Exclusion

Abstract: The purpose of this project was to review existing sources on multi-dimensional disadvantage or severe forms of social exclusion characterised as ‘deep exclusion’; to recommend possibilities for secondary analysis of existing data sets to explore the dynamics of ‘deep exclusion’; to identify any relevant gaps in the knowledge base; and to recommend research strategies for filling such gaps.

Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic

Abstract: Part 1 Muslim nationalism in China - a fourth tide: Qing Zhen - expressions of Hui identity state power and the evolution of an ethnonym the problem - who are the Hui? sociocultural diversity among the Hui three tides of Islam in China the fourth tide - ethnic nationalism in an age of nation-states. Part 2 Ethnographic research and the Chinese state: theoretical perspectives on Hui identity the rise of the nation-state and the invention of ethnicity Han nationalism and the creation of nationalities in China derivative discourses and Chinese traditional nationalism the ethnogenesis of the Hui - from Muslim to minority nationality the research - in search of the Hui the unity and diversity of Hui identity - four communities in flux. Part 3 Ethnoreligious resurgence in a northwestern Sufi community: a fundamentalist revivial in Na homestead? the rerooting of identity in Na homestead ethnoreligious roots the socioeconomic context local government policies and Na national identity truth within purity - expressions of Na identity. Part 4 Ethnic identity in Oxen Street - the urban experience: making Hui in the city - the urban problem Oxen street, an urban Hui enclave recurring texts in Oxen Street the socioeconomic context of Oxen Street Hui identity government policy and urban strategies the culture of purity - Hui identity in the city. Part 5 The other great wall - ethnic endogamy and exclusivity in a Hui autonomous village: ethnohistorical origins of a Hui autonomous village ethnic coherence and Changying identity Changying traditions of rural entrepreneurship ethnoreligious marriage traditions in Changying preserving purity through ethnic endogamy - ethnoreligious strategies and government policy in Changying. Part 6 Ethnic invention and state intervention in a southeastern lineage: no pigs for these ancestors - the memory of Muslim ancestry in Chendai the cultural basis for Chendai Hui identity socioeconomic factors in Chendai Hui identity ethnic identity and national policy - the \"Taiwanese Muslims\" public policy and ethnic revitalization in Chendai becoming ethnic in China purity within truth - Hui identity among southeastern lineages. Part 7 Conclusion - national identity in the Chinese nation-state: the people of the People's Republic - finally in the vanguard? the social life of labels objectified ethnonyms in the northwest the hardening of ethnonyms in the southwest \"sub-ethnic\" identities and the question of Han ethnicity the rise of \"united nationalities\" ethnic pluralism in Chinese society the dialectics of nationality policy and Hui identity ethnicity and nationalism in the People's Republic. Appendices: Hui Islamic orders in China a select glossary of Hui Islamic terms.

Bringing history (back) into international business

Abstract: We argue that the field of international business should evolve its rhetoric from the relatively uncontroversial idea that ‘history matters’ to exploring how it matters. We discuss four conceptual channels through which history matters, illustrating each with a major example. First, historical variation is at least a worthy complement to contemporary cross-sectional variation in illuminating conceptual issues. As an example, we show that conclusions reached by the literature on contemporary emerging market business groups are remarkably similar to independently reached conclusions about a very similar organizational form that was ubiquitous in the age of empire. Second, historical evidence avoids spurious labeling of some phenomena as ‘new’, and by so doing may challenge current explanations of their determinants. Whereas some firm types today were also present earlier, some types have disappeared, some have appeared, and some have disappeared and reappeared later. Third, history can allow us to move beyond the oft-recognized importance of issues of path dependence to explore the roots of Penrosian resources. We argue that the choices made by Jardine's and Swire's in Asia today, for example, are an outgrowth of strategic choices first in evidence more than a century ago. These would remain obscured absent an historical analysis. Fourth, there are certain issues that are unaddressable, except in the really long (that is, historical) run. Exploring the causal relationship (if any) between foreign direct investment, a staple of the international business literature, and long-run economic development provides one important example. Throughout, we advocate embracing rigorous methods for analyzing small-sample and qualitative data when conventional regression techniques do not apply. That is, we suggest that re-embracing history in the mainstream is not tantamount to sacrificing methodological rigor.

The Indian Ocean

Abstract: List of illustrations. Series editor's preface. Preface. Map of the Indian Ocean. Introduction. 1. Deep structure 2. Humans and the sea 3. The beginning of the ocean 4. Muslims in the Indian Ocean 5. Europeans in an Indian Ocean world 6. The early modern Indian Ocean world 7. Britain and the ocean 8. History in the ocean Notes. Select bibliography. Index.