Author
Richard A.F. Clark
Other affiliations: Harvard University, University of Colorado Denver, University of the Sunshine Coast ...read more
Bio: Richard A.F. Clark is an academic researcher from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fibronectin & Wound healing. The author has an hindex of 73, co-authored 241 publications receiving 28471 citations. Previous affiliations of Richard A.F. Clark include Harvard University & University of Colorado Denver.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The primary goals of the treatment of wounds are rapid wound closure and a functional and aesthetically satisfactory scar.
Abstract: The primary function of the skin is to serve as a protective barrier against the environment. Loss of the integrity of large portions of the skin as a result of injury or illness may lead to major disability or even death. Every year in the United States more than 1.25 million people have burns1 and 6.5 million have chronic skin ulcers caused by pressure, venous stasis, or diabetes mellitus.2 The primary goals of the treatment of wounds are rapid wound closure and a functional and aesthetically satisfactory scar. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding . . .
5,462 citations
TL;DR: The adhesion receptor integrin alpha v beta 3 was identified as a marker of angiogenic vascular tissue in this paper, and it showed a fourfold increase in expression during angiogenesis on the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
Abstract: Angiogenesis depends on the adhesive interactions of vascular cells. The adhesion receptor integrin alpha v beta 3 was identified as a marker of angiogenic vascular tissue. Integrin alpha v beta 3 was expressed on blood vessels in human wound granulation tissue but not in normal skin, and it showed a fourfold increase in expression during angiogenesis on the chick chorioallantoic membrane. In the latter assay, a monoclonal antibody to alpha v beta 3 blocked angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and human melanoma fragments but had no effect on preexisting vessels. These findings suggest that alpha v beta 3 may be a useful therapeutic target for diseases characterized by neovascularization.
2,926 citations
Book•
31 Dec 1995
TL;DR: Wound Repair: Overview and General Considerations (R.A.F. Clark), Macrophage Involvement in Wound Repair, Remodeling and Fibrosis, and the Role of Plateletderived Growth Factor in vivo (C.W. Riches).
Abstract: Wound Repair: Overview and General Considerations (R.A.F. Clark). Provisional Matrix (K.M. Yamada, R.A.F. Clark). Macrophage Involvement in Wound Repair, Remodeling and Fibrosis (D.W.H. Riches). Resolution of Inflammation: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Implications (C. Haslett, P. Henson). Epidermal Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor (L.B. Nanney, L.E. King, Jr.). Modulation of Wound Repair by Members of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family (J.A. Abraham, M. Klagsbrun). Role of Plateletderived Growth Factor in vivo (C.H. Heldin, B. Westermark). Transforming Growth FactorGBPIiGBP (TGFGBPIiGBP) (A.B. Roberts, M.B. Sporn). Integrins in Wound Repair (K.M. Yamada et al.). Reepithelialization (D.T. Woodley). Angiogenesis (J.A. Madri et al.). Mechanisms of Parenchymal Cell Migration into Wounds (J.B. McCarthy et al.). The Role of the Myofibroblast in Wound Healing and Fibrocontractive Diseases (A. Desmouliere, G. Gabbiani). Proteinases and Tissue Remodeling (P. Mignatti et al.). Proteoglycans and Their Role in Wound Repair (R.L. Gallo, M. Bernfield). Collagens and the Reestablishment of Dermal Integrity (B. Eckes et al.). The DermalEpidermal Basement Membrane Zone in Cutaneous Wound Healing (J. Uitto et al.). Fetal Wound Healing and the Development of Antiscarring Therapies for Adult Wound Healing (R.L. McCallion, M.W.J. Ferguson). Index.
1,738 citations
01 Dec 2000
TL;DR: Wound angiogenesis appears to be regulated by endothelial cell interaction with the specific three-dimensional ECM environment in the wound space, and mRNA levels of alpha(v)beta3 in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells either plated on fibronectin or overlaid by fibrin gel were higher than in cells plating on collagen or overlaying by collagen gel.
Abstract: During wound healing, angiogenic capillary sprouts invade the fibrin/fibronectin-rich wound clot and within a few days organize into a microvascular network throughout the granulation tissue. As collagen accumulates in the granulation tissue to produce scar, the density of blood vessels diminishes. A dynamic interaction occurs among endothelial cells, angiogenic cytokines, such as FGF, VEGF, TGF-β, angiopoietin, and mast cell tryptase, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Specific endothelial cell ECM receptors are critical for these morphogenetic changes in blood vessels during wound repair. In particular, αvβ3, the integrin receptor for fibrin and fibronectin, appears to be required for wound angiogenesis: αvβ3 is expressed on the tips of angiogenic capillary sprouts invading the wound clot, and functional inhibitors of αvβ3 transiently inhibit granulation tissue formation. Recent investigations have shown that the wound ECM can regulate angiogenesis in part by modulating integrin receptor expression. mRNA levels of αvβ3 in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells either plated on fibronectin or overlaid by fibrin gel were higher than in cells plated on collagen or overlaid by collagen gel. Wound angiogenesis also appears to be regulated by endothelial cell interaction with the specific three-dimensional ECM environment in the wound space. In an in vitro model of human sprout angiogenesis, three-dimensional fibrin gel, simulating early wound clot, but not collagen gel, simulating late granulation tissue, supported capillary sprout formation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate wound angiogenesis, particularly how ECM modulates ECM receptor and angiogenic factor requirements, may provide new approaches for treating chronic wounds.
1,162 citations
TL;DR: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has produced a dramatic reduction in mortality among HIV-infected individuals, and the level of adherence to HAART is closely associated with suppression of the HIV viral load in plasma.
Abstract: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has produced a dramatic reduction in mortality among HIV-infected individuals [1–4]. Whereas the level of adherence to HAART is closely associated with suppression of the HIV viral load in plasma [5–14], a relationship between adherenc
961 citations
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TL;DR: The primary goals of the treatment of wounds are rapid wound closure and a functional and aesthetically satisfactory scar.
Abstract: The primary function of the skin is to serve as a protective barrier against the environment. Loss of the integrity of large portions of the skin as a result of injury or illness may lead to major disability or even death. Every year in the United States more than 1.25 million people have burns1 and 6.5 million have chronic skin ulcers caused by pressure, venous stasis, or diabetes mellitus.2 The primary goals of the treatment of wounds are rapid wound closure and a functional and aesthetically satisfactory scar. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding . . .
5,462 citations
TL;DR: Details of how these signals control wound cell activities are beginning to emerge, and studies of healing in embryos have begun to show how the normal adult repair process might be readjusted to make it less like patching up and more like regeneration.
Abstract: The healing of an adult skin wound is a complex process requiring the collaborative efforts of many different tissues and cell lineages. The behavior of each of the contributing cell types during the phases of proliferation, migration, matrix synthesis, and contraction, as well as the growth factor and matrix signals present at a wound site, are now roughly understood. Details of how these signals control wound cell activities are beginning to emerge, and studies of healing in embryos have begun to show how the normal adult repair process might be readjusted to make it less like patching up and more like regeneration.
4,558 citations
TL;DR: Tumors of epithelioma are composed of two discrete but interdependent compartments: the malignant cells themselves and the stroma that they induce and in which they are dispersed.
Abstract: SOLID tumors are composed of two discrete but interdependent compartments: the malignant cells themselves and the stroma that they induce and in which they are dispersed.1 , 2 In tumors of epitheli...
4,132 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that commensal bacteria are recognized by TLRs under normal steady-state conditions, and this interaction plays a crucial role in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and protection from injury.
3,972 citations
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the electrospinning technique with its promising advantages and potential applications, and focuses on varied applications of electrospun fibers in different fields.
3,932 citations