Author
Richard D. Bardgett
Other affiliations: Lancaster University, English Nature, Aberystwyth University ...read more
Bio: Richard D. Bardgett is an academic researcher from University of Manchester. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ecosystem & Soil biology. The author has an hindex of 115, co-authored 381 publications receiving 51685 citations. Previous affiliations of Richard D. Bardgett include Lancaster University & English Nature.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, Thonicke et al. discuss the need of social ecology systems to absorb climate extremes and propose an approach to support the adaptation of these systems to climate change.
Abstract: of Social‐Ecological Systems to Absorb Climate Extremes Kirsten Thonicke, Michael Bahn, Sandra Lavorel, Richard D. Bardgett, Karlheinz Erb, Mariasilvia Giamberini, Markus Reichstein, Björn Vollan, and Anja Rammig Research Department 1 “Earth System Analysis”, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS‐Université Grenoble Alpes‐Université Savoie Mont‐Blanc, Grenoble, France, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Institute of Geoscience and Earth Resources, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy, Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany, School of Business and Economics, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
30 citations
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TL;DR: The results indicate that intensively managed grasslands are more prone to invasion following drought than are extensively managedgrasslands and that this response is in part related to differences in microbial community composition which regulate nutrient availability in soil following disturbance events.
Abstract: Summary
Although it is known that ecosystems are more susceptible to invasion when disturbed, our knowledge of the mechanisms involved remains limited. Recent studies indicate that disturbance-induced changes in soil nutrient availability could influence community invasibility, but the importance of this mechanism in the real world is not known.
We tested the hypotheses that (i) exotic plant species profit from drought effects on soil functioning more than do natives; and (ii) grassland invasibility depends on soil responses to drought disturbance, which are greater in soils that exhibit a larger nutrient pulse following drought.
This was tested in a series of grassland sites of contrasting management intensity which we subjected to an extreme (40-day) drought, after which seeds from four different plant families of native species and related exotics were added to soils originating from the drought and control treatments under greenhouse conditions. We also examined the performance of seeded native species in the field. We expected that intensively managed grasslands with bacterial-dominated soils would exhibit a larger nutrient pulse following drought, and hence a greater window of opportunity for invasion, than in extensively managed grassland soils with fungal-dominated microbial communities.
Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated that exotic species grew better in soil that had experienced drought, and had higher survival and growth rates than natives in both grassland types. Field results showed that drought increased invasibility in intensively managed grasslands, but had little impact on survival and growth of seeded species on extensively managed grassland soils. Increased invasibility of intensively managed grassland soils was associated with a significant soil nitrogen pulse following rewetting, which was not detected in the extensively managed grasslands.
Synthesis. Our results indicate that intensively managed grasslands are more prone to invasion following drought than are extensively managed grasslands and that this response is in part related to differences in microbial community composition which regulate nutrient availability in soil following disturbance events. Given that extreme climate events are predicted to increase, our findings suggest that invasion of exotic species will increase in ecosystems with soils that are less resilient to disturbance.
30 citations
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TL;DR: The results provide no support for the idea that changes in evenness of litter inputs and the identity of dominant litters will affect decomposition processes and soil nutrient availability.
Abstract: Most studies on the importance of litter diversity to decomposition processes have examined effects of species richness, and have not considered the other important aspect of biodiversity, namely evenness (relative abundance of species). Using microcosms, we investigated how changes in species evenness and identity of litters (taken from a regenerating Betula pendula forest) affected decomposition processes. We showed that single litter species varied in their rate of decomposition (bilberry 44.4%, willow 49.9%, rowan 53.7% and birch 54.8% weight loss after 234 days). However, when in mixtures, changes in the evenness of these litters and the identity of the dominant species had no detectable effect on measures of decomposition such as weight loss (42.6–56.6% after 234 days), microbial respiration and dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen release. Dissolved organic nitrogen release was found to be significantly greater from high evenness litter mixtures, 0.236 mg l−1, than the single species treatments, 0.145 mg l−1, but only during the initial stages of the experiment. These results, therefore, provide no support for the idea that changes in evenness of litter inputs and the identity of dominant litters will affect decomposition processes and soil nutrient availability.
30 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data from a well-studied N-limited grassland to address the relative effects of six plant and soil variables on net and on gross rates of soil N mineralization.
Abstract: Despite the topic of soil nitrogen (N) mineralization being well-studied, very few studies have addressed the relative contribution of different plant and soil variables in influencing soil N mineralization rates, and thus the supply of inorganic N to plants. Here, we used data from a well-studied N-limited grassland to address the relative effects of six plant and soil variables on net and on gross rates of soil N mineralization. We also addressed whether plant effects on soil N mineralization were mediated by changes in C and N concentrations of multiple soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. Regression analyses show that key plant traits (i.e., plant C:N ratios and total root mass) were more important than total C and N concentrations of bulk soil in influencing N mineralization. This was mainly because plant traits influenced the C and N concentration (and C:N ratios) of different SOM fractions, which in turn were significantly associated with changes in net and gross N mineralization. In particular, C:N ratios of a labile soil fraction were negatively related to net soil N mineralization rates, whereas total soil C and N concentrations of more recalcitrant fractions were positively related to gross N mineralization. Our study suggests that changes in belowground N-cycling can be better predicted by simultaneously addressing how plant C:N ratios and root mass affect the composition and distribution of different SOM pools in N-limited grassland systems.
30 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of browsing by red deer on the decomposition of birch leaf litter (Betula pubescens), and found that litter of un-browsed trees decomposed faster than that from browsed trees, irrespective of whether soil was sourced from inside or outside exclosures.
Abstract: Herbivores can indirectly affect ecosystem productivity and processes such as nutrient cycling and decomposition by altering the quantity and quality of resource inputs into the decomposer subsystem. Here, we tested how browsing by red deer impacts on the decomposition of, and nutrient loss from, birch leaf litter (Betula pubescens), and tested whether effects of browsing on these measures were direct, via alteration of the quality of leaf litter, or indirect through long term impacts of deer browsing on soil biological properties. This was tested in a microcosm experiment using soil and litter taken from inside and outside three individual fenced exclosures located at Creag Meagaidh National Nature Reserve, Scotland. We found that litter of un-browsed trees decomposed faster than that from browsed trees, irrespective of whether soil was sourced from inside or outside exclosures. These findings suggest that effects of browsing on litter quality, rather than on soil biological properties, are the key determinant of enhanced decomposition in un-browsed areas of this ecosystem. Despite this, we found no consistent impact of browsing on litter C:N, a key indicator of litter quality; however, the rate of litter decomposition was linearly and negatively related to litter C:N when analysed across all the sites, indicating that this measure, in part, contributed to variation in rates of decomposition in this ecosystem. Our findings indicate that herbivores impact negatively on rates of decomposition in this ecosystem, ultimately retarding nutrient cycling rates, and that these effects are, in part, related to changes in litter quality.
29 citations
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations
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Western Washington University1, University of Alaska Fairbanks2, United States Forest Service3, University of Zurich4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, Natural Environment Research Council6, University of Notre Dame7, École Normale Supérieure8, Columbia University9, University of Helsinki10, United States Geological Survey11, University of Michigan12, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences13, Landcare Research14
TL;DR: Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain.
Abstract: Humans are altering the composition of biological communities through a variety of activities that increase rates of species invasions and species extinctions, at all scales, from local to global. These changes in components of the Earth's biodiversity cause concern for ethical and aesthetic reasons, but they also have a strong potential to alter ecosystem properties and the goods and services they provide to humanity. Ecological experiments, observations, and theoretical developments show that ecosystem properties depend greatly on biodiversity in terms of the functional characteristics of organisms present in the ecosystem and the distribution and abundance of those organisms over space and time. Species effects act in concert with the effects of climate, resource availability, and disturbance regimes in influencing ecosystem properties. Human activities can modify all of the above factors; here we focus on modification of these biotic controls. The scientific community has come to a broad consensus on many aspects of the re- lationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, including many points relevant to management of ecosystems. Further progress will require integration of knowledge about biotic and abiotic controls on ecosystem properties, how ecological communities are struc- tured, and the forces driving species extinctions and invasions. To strengthen links to policy and management, we also need to integrate our ecological knowledge with understanding of the social and economic constraints of potential management practices. Understanding this complexity, while taking strong steps to minimize current losses of species, is necessary for responsible management of Earth's ecosystems and the diverse biota they contain.
6,891 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The modern applied statistics with s is universally compatible with any devices to read, and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for downloading modern applied statistics with s. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this modern applied statistics with s, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop. modern applied statistics with s is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the modern applied statistics with s is universally compatible with any devices to read.
5,249 citations
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University of Michigan1, College of William & Mary2, McGill University3, Western Washington University4, Arizona State University5, Imperial College London6, University of Minnesota7, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences8, Stanford University9, Centre national de la recherche scientifique10, United States Geological Survey11, University of British Columbia12, Columbia University13
TL;DR: It is argued that human actions are dismantling the Earth’s ecosystems, eliminating genes, species and biological traits at an alarming rate, and the question of how such loss of biological diversity will alter the functioning of ecosystems and their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper is asked.
Abstract: The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth. So, too, do 7 billion people. Two decades ago, at the first Earth Summit, the vast majority of the world's nations declared that human actions were dismantling the Earth's ecosystems, eliminating genes, species and biological traits at an alarming rate. This observation led to the question of how such loss of biological diversity will alter the functioning of ecosystems and their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper.
5,244 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a document, redatto, voted and pubblicato by the Ipcc -Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.
Abstract: Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.
4,187 citations