Richard J Goldstein

Bio: Richard J Goldstein is an academic researcher from University of Minnesota. The author has contributed to research in topics: Heat transfer & Heat transfer coefficient. The author has an hindex of 56, co-authored 242 publications receiving 14047 citations. Previous affiliations of Richard J Goldstein include University of Illinois at Chicago & Tulane University.

Light-Scattering Characteristics of Biological Particles

Abstract: Measurements have been obtained of the light-scattering characteristics of 0.5 μ diameter polystyrene spheres, red blood cells, and hemoglobin free red cell “ghosts.” The information obtained consists of measurements of the magnitude of laser radiation scattered by dilute aqueous suspensions of the above particles as a function of the particle concentration and the angle of observation, measured from the direction of the incident beam. In addition, the results for the spheres are compared to analytical predictions calculated from the Mie theory.The light source employed is a 75 mW He Ne laser operating continuously at 632.8 nm. The laser beam is spatially filtered and focused (large F no.) at the center of a 1.6 cm i.d. cylindrical glass scattering cell. Scattered intensity measurements are obtained with an S-20 multiplier phototube, mounted on a beam which rotates about the scattering cell as an axis.The data for the polystyrene spheres are quite strongly forward directed with a relative minimum at about...

Row-of-holes film cooling of curved walls at low injection angles

Abstract: Film cooling effectiveness data are presented against a backdrop of ammonia-diazo flow visualizations for raw-of-holes injection along a convex wall and a concave wall at angles of 15, 25, and 45 deg to the mainstream and at density ratios of approximately one and two. Injection angle effects vary with the rate of injection: At low blowing rates the injection angle is unimportant, at moderate blowing rates the shallower angles provide better effectiveness, and at high blowing rates a steeper injection angle sometimes provides better effectiveness. The condition of the local boundary layer, the severity of jet lift-off and the strength of vortex interactions among the bound vortices of neighboring jets are key considerations in interpreting the data.

Effect of Upstream Shear on Flow and Heat (Mass) Transfer Over a Flat Plate

Abstract: A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of wall shear on a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer The shear is imparted by a moving belt, flush with the wall, translating in the flow direction Velocity and mass transfer experiments have been performed for four surface-to-freestream velocity ratios (0, 038, 052, 065) with a Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness between 770 and 1776 The velocity data indicate that the location of the ‘virtual origin’ of the turbulent boundary layer ‘moves’ downstream towards the trailing edge of the belt with increasing surface velocity The highest velocity ratio represents a case which is responsible for the removal of the inner region of the boundary layer Mass transfer measurements downstream of the belt show the presence of a local minimum in the variation of the Stanton vs Reynolds number for the highest velocity ratio Downstream of this minimum, approximately 1 cm from the leading edge of the mass transfer plate, the characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer are restored and the data fall back on the empirical variation of the Stanton number with Reynolds numberCopyright © 2008 by ASME

Pattern formation outside of equilibrium

Abstract: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal pattern formation in systems driven away from equilibrium is presented, with emphasis on comparisons between theory and quantitative experiments. Examples include patterns in hydrodynamic systems such as thermal convection in pure fluids and binary mixtures, Taylor-Couette flow, parametric-wave instabilities, as well as patterns in solidification fronts, nonlinear optics, oscillatory chemical reactions and excitable biological media. The theoretical starting point is usually a set of deterministic equations of motion, typically in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations. These are sometimes supplemented by stochastic terms representing thermal or instrumental noise, but for macroscopic systems and carefully designed experiments the stochastic forces are often negligible. An aim of theory is to describe solutions of the deterministic equations that are likely to be reached starting from typical initial conditions and to persist at long times. A unified description is developed, based on the linear instabilities of a homogeneous state, which leads naturally to a classification of patterns in terms of the characteristic wave vector q0 and frequency ω0 of the instability. Type Is systems (ω0=0, q0≠0) are stationary in time and periodic in space; type IIIo systems (ω0≠0, q0=0) are periodic in time and uniform in space; and type Io systems (ω0≠0, q0≠0) are periodic in both space and time. Near a continuous (or supercritical) instability, the dynamics may be accurately described via "amplitude equations," whose form is universal for each type of instability. The specifics of each system enter only through the nonuniversal coefficients. Far from the instability threshold a different universal description known as the "phase equation" may be derived, but it is restricted to slow distortions of an ideal pattern. For many systems appropriate starting equations are either not known or too complicated to analyze conveniently. It is thus useful to introduce phenomenological order-parameter models, which lead to the correct amplitude equations near threshold, and which may be solved analytically or numerically in the nonlinear regime away from the instability. The above theoretical methods are useful in analyzing "real pattern effects" such as the influence of external boundaries, or the formation and dynamics of defects in ideal structures. An important element in nonequilibrium systems is the appearance of deterministic chaos. A greal deal is known about systems with a small number of degrees of freedom displaying "temporal chaos," where the structure of the phase space can be analyzed in detail. For spatially extended systems with many degrees of freedom, on the other hand, one is dealing with spatiotemporal chaos and appropriate methods of analysis need to be developed. In addition to the general features of nonequilibrium pattern formation discussed above, detailed reviews of theoretical and experimental work on many specific systems are presented. These include Rayleigh-Benard convection in a pure fluid, convection in binary-fluid mixtures, electrohydrodynamic convection in nematic liquid crystals, Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders, parametric surface waves, patterns in certain open flow systems, oscillatory chemical reactions, static and dynamic patterns in biological media, crystallization fronts, and patterns in nonlinear optics. A concluding section summarizes what has and has not been accomplished, and attempts to assess the prospects for the future.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Backward-Facing Step Flow

Abstract: Laser-Doppler measurements of velocity distribution and reattachment length are reported downstream of a single backward-facing step mounted in a two-dimensional channel. Results are presented for laminar, transitional and turbulent flow of air in a Reynolds-number range of 70 < Re < 8000. The experimental results show that the various flow regimes are characterized by typical variations of the separation length with Reynolds number. The reported laser-Doppler measurements do not only yield the expected primary zone of recirculating flow attached to the backward-facing step but also show additional regions of flow separation downstream of the step and on both sides of the channel test section. These additional separation regions have not been previously reported in the literature.Although the high aspect ratio of the test section (1:36) ensured that the oncoming flow was fully developed and two-dimensional, the experiments showed that the flow downstream of the step only remained two-dimensional at low and high Reynolds numbers.The present study also included numerical predictions of backward-facing step flow. The two-dimensional steady differential equations for conservation of mass and momentum were solved. Results are reported and are compared with experiments for those Reynolds numbers for which the flow maintained its two-dimensionality in the experiments. Under these circumstances, good agreement between experimental and numerical results is obtained.

Turbulent flows over rough walls

Abstract: ▪ AbstractWe review the experimental evidence on turbulent flows over rough walls. Two parameters are important: the roughness Reynolds number ks+, which measures the effect of the roughness on the buffer layer, and the ratio of the boundary layer thickness to the roughness height, which determines whether a logarithmic layer survives. The behavior of transitionally rough surfaces with low ks+ depends a lot on their geometry. Riblets and other drag-reducing cases belong to this regime. In flows with δ/k ≲ 50, the effect of the roughness extends across the boundary layer, and is also variable. There is little left of the original wall-flow dynamics in these flows, which can perhaps be better described as flows over obstacles. We also review the evidence for the phenomenon of d-roughness. The theoretical arguments are sound, but the experimental evidence is inconclusive. Finally, we discuss some ideas on how rough walls can be modeled without the detailed computation of the flow around the roughness element...