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Richard U. Gooding

Bio: Richard U. Gooding is an academic researcher from Boston University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Netherlands Antilles & Upogebia. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 8 publications receiving 479 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that lactic acid is the best clearing agent for the preparation of temporary mounts of whole or dissected copepods, and that obese forms or specimens with a thin cuticle are best transferred through mixtures of the medium in which they have been kept and Lactic acid.
Abstract: We have found lactic acid to be the best clearing agent for the preparation of temporary mounts of whole or dissected copepods. Fresh, alcoholic, or formalin fixed specimens become cleared within a few minutes to some hours, depending upon their size and the duration of preservation. When first placed in the un diluted acid, the copepods may become somewhat contracted, but soon regain, and thereafter retain, their normal size and shape. In order to avoid rupture, obese forms or specimens with a thin cuticle are best transferred through mixtures of the medium in which they have been kept and lactic acid. Since the latter is dense, layering the fluids in a small dish is usually satisfactory: the original medium will evaporate slowly, leaving the speci mens in the acid. Fluids with appreciable concentrations of dissolved salts, however, should be avoided, preferably by transferring the specimens first either to alcohol or to fresh-water.

448 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lightiella incisa, trouves a la Barbade (localite typique), and a Porto Rico as discussed by the authors, is a species of Cephalocaride.
Abstract: [Description de l'anatomie externe de 4 individus adultes d'une nouvelle espece de Cephalocaride. Lightiella incisa, trouves a la Barbade (localite typique), et a Porto Rico. D'apres les caracteres de cette espece, la validite de la famille des Lightiellidae (Jones, 1961) serait contestable. Certains points de morphologie theorique sont examines., Description de l'anatomie externe de 4 individus adultes d'une nouvelle espece de Cephalocaride. Lightiella incisa, trouves a la Barbade (localite typique), et a Porto Rico. D'apres les caracteres de cette espece, la validite de la famille des Lightiellidae (Jones, 1961) serait contestable. Certains points de morphologie theorique sont examines.]

22 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This work was supported by grants from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (WOSUNA), Amsterdam, and from the National Science Foundation of the United States, Washington.
Abstract: Our thanks are due to the following for their identifications of host animals: Dr. W. ADAM, Museum Royal d’Histoire Naturelle, Brussels (cephalopods from Curacao); Dr. GILBERT L. VOSS, University of Miami Marine Laboratory, Florida (cephalopods from Barbados); Mrs. R. E. TEAGLE, British Museum (Natural History), London (ophiuroids from Curacao); Dr. ELISABETH DEICHMANN, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. (the remaining echinoderms); and Dr. MARIAN H. PETTIBONE, University of New Hampshire, Durham (polychaetes). A.G.H. and R.U.G. wish to express their appreciation to Mr. ROBERT GREENHILL for his assistance during their collecting in Barbados and for obtaining a further sample of octopus in September, 1959; to Dr. IVAN GOODBODY and the staff of the Marine Laboratory, University College of the West Indies, Jamaica, for providing more amphinomid polychaetes in October, 1961; and to the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) through Dr. J. P. HARDING for the opportunity to examine material of Pseudanthessius thorelli. Additional collections from Barbados were made by R.U.G. in December, 1961—January, 1962. This work was supported by grants from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (WOSUNA), Amsterdam, and from the National Science Foundation of the United States, Washington.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A single complete specimen from a new host, the snake blenny, caught in the Bay of Fundy, is described, with particular attention to the anterior end of the copepod, which suggests changes during development may be more extensive than usual.
Abstract: A single complete specimen from a new host, the snake blenny (Lumpenus lumpretaeformis), caught in the Bay of Fundy, is described, with particular attention to the anterior end. The appendages and oral area are similar to those of other lernaeocerids, notably Lernaeocera branchialis, but comparison with the only published description of the first copepodid stage suggests that changes during development may be more extensive than usual. Synonymy, hosts, and distributional records are tabulated. H. cyclopterina appears to be a circumboreal host-tolerant plastic species, possibly comprising diceraus Wilson, 1917, and theragrae Yamaguti, 1939. The genus is placed in the Lernaeoceridae Milne Edwards, 1840, and the name "Lernaeoceriformes" suggested to replace Lernaeiformes Gurney, 1933, within the Caligoida. Haemobaphes cyclopterina (Fabricius, 1780) is a lernaeocerid copepod. Probably, as in other members of this family, the entire life history takes place in the sea and involves initially free-swimming larvae, then a series of chalimus (copepodid) stages attached to the first host (possibly a fish) and a temporarily motile adult phase (if the first host is not the final one), before the female becomes fixed to the final fish host. Evidently she attacks through the gills, penetrating until her anterior end lies in the ventral aorta, the posterior part of her body remaining external. Insemination may take place while the adults are still on the first host or when they are free but it is not likely that the male survives for long or becomes parasitic again. In any event, only the nauplius and first copepodid stage have been described (Heegaard, 1947) in addition to the terminal female. It is with this last that the following account deals. According to the literature, the adult parasite has an arctic circumpolar distribution, being recorded up to 79?35' N (Sars, 1886), but it is also found in the North Temperate Zone as far south as 36?21' N (Wilson, 1917, supplemented by Anonymous, 1907). Although depth has seldom been mentioned, it seems probable that no collection was made from more than 250 fathoms (that of Wilson, 1917, Received for publication 15 March 1963. suppl.) and most from much shallower water, usually close to land. The roster of hosts is varied and extends over several teleost groups (Table I). However, many of the records for this copepod lack description. Most were based on the exposed part of the body only, and some state the main diagnostic feature to be the coiled egg sacs-a generic or group rather than a specific character. It is not impossible, then, that more than one species has been included in the literature under the ame H. cyclopterina. The present study began in April 1962, when we received the trunk of a copepod, identifiable as an ovigerous Haemobaphes, from Dr. Roland F. Wigley (U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.). Morphologically this part of the animal appeared to be somewhat intermediate between H. cyclopterina and H. diceraus Wilson, 1917, according to the descriptions of both given in that paper. Through the further kindness of Dr. Wigley, R. U. G. was able to dissect the anterior end of the copepod from the host fish. In addition to the taxonomic problem, a detailed description of the anterior end seems important both per se and for comparison of its appendages with the results of recent excellent studies on Lernaeocera branchialis (L.) (Kabata, 1961, 1962), a copepod belonging to the same family. We hope that our work may

11 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This study has been supported by grants from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (WOSUNA), Amsterdam, and from the National Science Foundation of the United States, Washington.
Abstract: For the identification of certain of the mollusks with which the copepods to be described were associated we wish to thank Dr. RUTH D. TURNER, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, and Mr. C. J. VAN EEKEN, Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam. We also express our appreciation to Mr. J. A. VAN DREVELDT (Amsterdam) for his assistance in the preparation of the drawings of the last two species. This study has been supported by grants from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (WOSUNA), Amsterdam, and from the National Science Foundation of the United States, Washington.

10 citations


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BookDOI
29 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This work provides the most comprehensive overview available of the state of the art in this exciting field of evolutionary research with a focus on nervous systems.
Abstract: The growing success of molecular methods has challenged traditional views of animal evolution and a large number of alternative hypotheses are hotly debated today. For the deep metazoan phylogeny project, data sets of hitherto unmatched quality and quantity were compiled and analysed with innovative bioinformatics tools. The book begins at the base of the tree of life to discuss the origin of animals and early branches of the phylogenetic tree. The following section presents special data sets gained from mitochondrial genomes and from morphology, with a focus on nervous systems. The final section is dedicated to theoretical aspects of data analysis and new bioinformatics tools. The book closes with a unique general discussion of all hypotheses contained in previous chapters. This work provides the most comprehensive overview available of the state of the art in this exciting field of evolutionary research.

67 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The chapter classifies the associated forms of copepods and their marine invertebrate hosts and cites the general studies of a copepod Ascidicola rosea Thorell, and explains the anatomical and functional aspects, host specificity, and attraction ofcopepods to their hosts.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The Association of Copepods with Marine Invertebrates explains the rarely discussed co-habitual partnership of Copepods and marine invertebrates. In contrast to the fish parasites, those copepods that habitually partner marine invertebrates have received scant attention as of now. This discriminatory treatment is hardly surprising because the fish associates are frequently conspicuous, often bizarre and, above all, linked with hosts of economic importance; the latter are mainly unobtrusive forms, their ecology is clandestine, and their economic significance is limited. The chapter classifies the associated forms of copepods and their marine invertebrate hosts and cites the general studies of a copepod Ascidicola rosea Thorell. It explains the anatomical and functional aspects, host specificity, and attraction of copepods to their hosts. It also provides a synopsis on the sibling specification and population studies of copepods. In addition, the chapter lists the associated harpacticoids and calanoids individually and the concepts for further investigations on copepods and their marine invertebrates hosts.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The life cycle of C. elongatus, known as a sea louse, is a very important pathogen of sea-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and was examined under laboratory conditions.
Abstract: Caligus elongatus, known as a sea louse, is a very important pathogen of sea-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The life cycle of C. elongatus was examined under laboratory conditions. The obser...

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Larvae of Alpheus heterochaelis from North Carolina hatch from large eggs as advanced zoeae, usually moult three times, and exhibit almost no linear growth during a short (4 days at 25°c) larval development.
Abstract: Summary Larvae of Alpheus heterochaelis from North Carolina hatch from large eggs as advanced zoeae, usually moult three times, and exhibit almost no linear growth during a short (4 days at 25°c) larval development. Stage I lasts 6 hours at most and is sometimes skipped; III lasts about twice as long as II. Individuals simultaneously exhibiting characteristics of Stage III and the postlarva were occasionally seen. The three zoeal stages and postlarva are described in detail and illustrated. Stages in embryonic and juvenile development and the hatching process are briefly described. An ‘extended’ pattern of larval development, characteristic of most alpheid species, is described in a general way, and the ‘abbreviated’ development of A. heterochaelis compared to it. At hatching, A. heterochaelis larvae bear rudimentary pereiopods and pleopods; other structures are at the same level of development in both patterns, but subsequent morphogenesis is faster in A. heterochaelis. Larval development of Synalpheus s...

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that conservation of the biodiversity and numbers of aquatic predators may limit adverse impacts of trematode infections in vertebrate hosts and suggest the need for field and laboratory studies to further explore the effects of predators on transmission of R. ondatrae to amphibian larvae.
Abstract: Trematodes amplify asexually in their snail intermediate hosts, resulting in the potential release of hundreds to thousands of free-living cercariae per day for the life of the snail. The high number of cercariae released into the environment undoubtedly increases the probability of transmission. Although many individual cercariae successfully infect another host in their life cycle, most fail. Factors that prevent successful transmission of cercariae are poorly understood. Microcrustaceans and fish have been observed to eat cercariae of some species, although the possibility that predation represents a significant source of mortality for cercariae has been largely unexplored. We tested the cercariophagic activity of several freshwater invertebrates on Ribeiroia ondatrae, a trematode that causes limb deformities in amphibians. Individuals of potential predators were placed into wells of multiwell plates with 10–15 cercariae, and numbers of cercariae remaining over time were recorded and compared with numb...

51 citations