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Rituraj Shukla

Bio: Rituraj Shukla is an academic researcher from University of Guelph. The author has contributed to research in topics: Watershed & Soil and Water Assessment Tool. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 24 publications receiving 200 citations. Previous affiliations of Rituraj Shukla include Indian Institutes of Technology & Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have generated future precipitation by downscaling general circulation model (GCM, HADCM3) data of A2 scenario in a part of the Narmada River Basin in Madhya Pradesh, India, to obtain future impact of climate change on soil erosion.
Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the major hazards affected by the climate change, particularly the changed precipitation trend. The present paper has generated future precipitation by downscaling general circulation model (GCM, HADCM3) data of A2 scenario in a part of the Narmada River Basin in Madhya Pradesh, India, to obtain future impact of climate change on soil erosion. Least-square support vector machine (LS-SVM) and statistical downscaling model (SDSM) models were used for downscaling, and the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model was used for estimating soil loss. The results were analyzed with different slope, land use, and soil category. Outcome showed an increase in future precipitation with the resultant increase in soil erosion, with a positive change of 18.09 and 58.9% in years 2050s and 2080s respectively in LS-SVM, while it is decreasing in the year 2020s (−5.47%). Rate of change of soil erosion with SDSM is 15.52 and 105.80% in years 2050s and 2080s respectively, and decrease in the 20...

55 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of projected climate change on streamflow dynamics of the Grand and Thames rivers of the Northern Lake Erie (NLE) basin were analyzed using a soil water assessment tool.
Abstract: This paper focuses on understanding the effects of projected climate change on streamflow dynamics of the Grand and Thames rivers of the Northern Lake Erie (NLE) basin. A soil water assessment tool (SWAT) model is developed, calibrated, and validated in a base-period. The model is able to simulate the monthly streamflow dynamics with ‘Good’ to ‘Very Good’ accuracy. The calibrated and validated model is then subjected with daily bias-corrected future climatic data from the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4). Five bias-correction methods and their 12 combinations were evaluated using the Climate Model data for hydrologic modeling (CMhyd). Distribution mapping (DM) performed the best and was used for further analysis. Two future time-periods and two IPCC AR5 representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are considered. Results showed marked temporal and spatial variability in precipitation (−37% to +63%) and temperature (−3 °C to +14 °C) changes, which are reflected in evapotranspiration (−52% to +412%) and soil water storage (−60% to +12%) changes, resulting in heterogeneity in streamflow (−77% to +170%) changes. On average, increases in winter (+11%), and decreases in spring (–33%), summer (−23%), and autumn (−15%) streamflow are expected in future. This is the first work of this kind in the NLE and such marked variability in water resources availability poses considerable challenges to water resources planners and managers.

35 citations

01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a land use change pattern that reflects the rate of change of groundwater recharge and its spatial distribution and potential changes are essential prerequisites for planning and management.
Abstract: The changes in Land use have mostly occurred locally, regionally and globally over the last few decades and will carry on in the future as well. The increase in imperviousness has a major impact on groundwater and is of major concern over the past years to those who are involved in groundwater studies. The increase in urbanization results in reduction in infiltration, which affects the groundwater recharge and storage. Thus, land use changes have to be evaluated properly using traditional as well as latest techniques viz. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The increase in population leads to increase in food, fodder and fuel demands with rapid change in land use patterns. From the time when the human civilization started, mankind interdependence on environ‐ ment is greater, excess hunt of progress, comfort and security has resulted in augmented stress on the environment. Proper planning and management for development of natural resources without jeopardizing the environment is a vital concern to be sorted out for the world community. Quality inputs on the rate and pattern of land use change is essential for proper planning and management. Land use change pattern reflects the rate of change of groundwater recharge. It is necessary to detect the land use change in the past and present existing land use, and its spatial distribution and potential changes are essential prerequisites for planning and management. Proper land use planning and management is key to socio‐economic up‐liftment of a region and country as a whole.

31 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a long-term water security analysis of the Grand River watershed (GRW), Ontario, Canada, was carried out using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT).
Abstract: Water security is the capability of a community to have adequate access to good quality and a sufficient quantity of water as well as safeguard resources for the future generations. Understanding the spatial and temporal variabilities of water security can play a pivotal role in sustainable management of fresh water resources. In this study, a long-term water security analysis of the Grand River watershed (GRW), Ontario, Canada, was carried out using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Analyses on blue and green water availability and water security were carried out by dividing the GRW into eight drainage zones. As such, both anthropogenic as well as environmental demand were considered. In particular, while calculating blue water scarcity, three different methods were used in determining the environmental flow requirement, namely, the presumptive standards method, the modified low stream-flow method, and the variable monthly flow method. Model results showed that the SWAT model could simulate streamflow dynamics of the GRW with ‘good’ to ‘very good’ accuracy with an average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.75, R2 value of 0.78, and percentage of bias (PBIAS) of 8.23%. Sen’s slope calculated using data from over 60 years confirmed that the blue water flow, green water flow, and storage had increasing trends. The presumptive standards method and the modified low stream-flow method, respectively, were found to be the most and least restrictive method in calculating environmental flow requirements. While both green (0.4–1.1) and blue (0.25–2.0) water scarcity values showed marked temporal and spatial variabilities, blue water scarcity was found to be the highest in urban areas on account of higher water usage and less blue water availability. Similarly, green water scarcity was found to be highest in zones with higher temperatures and intensive agricultural practices. We believe that knowledge of the green and blue water security situation would be helpful in sustainable water resources management of the GRW and help to identify hotspots that need immediate attention.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Shoreline mapping is extremely important in order to determine the dynamic nature of coastal areas as mentioned in this paper, where the authors presented a shoreline mapping of the Sagar Island delta, Sundarban region, India.
Abstract: Shoreline mapping is extremely important in order to determine the dynamic nature of coastal areas. This paper presents shoreline mapping of the Sagar Island delta, Sundarban region, India. The island is part of mangrove ecosystem and is facing constant erosion and deposition from tidal action and cyclonic storms which have made this an area of unique importance. Mapping of shoreline has been performed 1951 to 2011 and change in the land-water boundary of the island calculated. Further shoreline prediction is performed on the basis of the extracted shorelines using the End point Rate model with a micro-level grid-based approach. The predicted maps have been validated using ground control points. Three images from 1951, 1990 and 2011 have been used for the mapping and detection of changes in the island area and shoreline over 60 years.

19 citations


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01 Jan 2016

1,907 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the achievements regarding the impacts of climate change such as changed rainfall, vegetation cover, and land management on water erosion and pointed out the critical research needs to better understand and predict the responses of soil erosion to a changing climate in the future.

293 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2020-Catena
TL;DR: In this article, the impacts of climate change on the hydrological processes of the Lhasa River Basin (LRB) in QTP based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT).
Abstract: The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change, and fully understanding the impacts of climate on the hydrological process in this region is desired. This study explores the impacts of climate change on the hydrological processes of the Lhasa River Basin (LRB) in QTP based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model is fed with bias-corrected future climatic data derived from three global circulation models (ACCESS1.3, MRI-CGCM3, and MPI-ESM-MR) under two emission scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) within two periods (mid-century and end-century). The results indicate that the sediment load and streamflow of LRB would significantly decrease, and the reduction of former is consistently higher than the that of latter in all scenarios and periods. Changes in streamflow and sediment load are mainly caused by temperature increase. The findings provide additional insights into the impacts of climate change on the hydrologic processes of typical basins in QTP and assist decision-makers in developing watershed management plans.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used end point rate (EPR) and linear regression (LR) methods to calculate the change rate of the shoreline in Sagar Island, a delta of the Ganges in West Bengal, India.
Abstract: The shoreline position is difficult to predict but the trend of erosion or accretion can be determined by geospatial and statistical techniques which may help in reducing the loss of property. The study aims to assess the shoreline changes and prediction in Sagar Island, a delta of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. Shorelines have been delineated by using Tasseled Cap Transformation techniques from the Landsat MSS (1975), Landsat TM (1989, 1991) and Landsat ETM+ (1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011) images. The uncertainty was calculated for every year for assessing the positional error related to shoreline extraction. Total shoreline change rate/year has also been calculated and the uncertainty of total shoreline change rate was found ±3.20 m/year. In the present study, End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression (LR) methods have been used for shoreline change rate calculation and prediction of shoreline. Long term (1975–2002) and short term (2002–2011) erosion and accretion rates were calculated for the study area. Sagar is the biggest island of the Sundarban region; so, it was divided into three segments in order to analyze the change on a segment basis. It was observed that the most of erosion occurred in the Segment B (south Sagar). The rate of erosion was −7.91 and −7.01 m/year for the periods 1975–2002 and 2002–2011 respectively. The mean shoreline change rate was high in Segment B (South Sagar) with values of −6.46 m/year (1975–2002) but the rate was decreased into −5.25 m/year during the later period (2002–2011). The study reveals that most of the southern part of Sagar Island is vulnerable to high rate of shoreline erosion.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the independent and integrated impacts of climate and land use changes using SWAT model in a part of the Narmada river basin in Madhya Pradesh, India.

85 citations