Robert A. Heinzen

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macro-autophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.

TL;DR: Current understanding of the cellular events that occur during parasitism of host cells by Coxiella, including deployment of a type IV secretion system to deliver effector proteins to the host cytosol is summarized.

TL;DR: The mechanisms of this unusual trafficking and the association of the chlamydial inclusion with the Golgi apparatus are explored and consistent with a model in which C.trachomatis inhabits a unique vesicle which interrupts an exocytic pathway to intercept host sphingolipids in transit from the Gol Gi apparatus to the plasma membrane.

TL;DR: Axenic cultivation of C. burnetii will facilitate studies of the organism's pathogenesis and genetics and aid development of Q fever preventatives such as an effective subunit vaccine and may be broadly applicable to development of axenic media that support growth of other medically important obligate intracellular pathogens.

TL;DR: The overall growth cycle of C. burnetii is characteristic of a closed bacterial system and that the replicative form of the organism is the LCV, as indicated by time course transmission electron microscopic analysis and quantitative and qualitative results.