Author
Robert A. Rapp
Other affiliations: Max Planck Society
Bio: Robert A. Rapp is an academic researcher from Ohio State University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Oxide & Corrosion. The author has an hindex of 48, co-authored 175 publications receiving 7222 citations. Previous affiliations of Robert A. Rapp include Max Planck Society.
Topics: Oxide, Corrosion, Solubility, Alloy, Coating
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A review and evaluation of the role of internal oxidation in the oxidation of alloys is presented and five alloy types represented by Ag-In, Cu-Be, Ni-Cr, Nb-Zr and Cu-Zn-Al are considered in this article.
Abstract: A review and evaluation of the role of internal oxidation in the oxidation of alloys is presented and five alloy types represented by Ag-In, Cu-Be, Ni-Cr, Nb-Zr and Cu-Zn-Al are considered...
464 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the status of knowledge for the solubilities of oxides in fused Na 2 SO 4 is reviewed, and the effects of various influences on a fluxing mechanism are discussed.
379 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mechanistic model that interprets the oxidation behavior of the diborides of Zr, Hf and Ti in the temperature range of ∼1000-1800°C was formulated.
304 citations
TL;DR: Wagner's theory for the transition from internal to external oxidation in alloys is evaluated for the Ag-In system and experimentally tested at 550°C and at oxygen pressures varying from 1 atm to 10−4 mm Hg as discussed by the authors.
267 citations
TL;DR: The role of grain boundaries in corrosion product scales as short-circuit transport paths for the outward diffusion of metal and the inward ingress of oxygen, sulfur and carbon needs to be clarified.
263 citations
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TL;DR: Ceramic fuel cells, commonly referred to as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), are presently under development for a variety of power generation applications as mentioned in this paper, and the critical issues posed by the development of this type of fuel cell are discussed.
Abstract: A ceramic fuel cell in an all solid-state energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant gases across an ionic conducting oxide. Current ceramic fuel cells use an oxygen-ion conductor or a proton conductor as the electrolyte and operate at high temperatures (>600°C). Ceramic fuel cells, commonly referred to as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), are presently under development for a variety of power generation applications. This paper reviews the science and technology of ceramic fuel cells and discusses the critical issues posed by the development of this type of fuel cell. The emphasis is given to the discussion of component materials (especially, ZrO2 electrolyte, nickel/ZrO2 cermet anode, LaMnO3 cathode, and LaCrO3 interconnect), gas reactions at the electrodes, stack designs, and processing techniques used in the fabrication of required ceramic structures.
3,654 citations
Book•
31 Jul 2008TL;DR: In this paper, the physical metallurgy of nickel and its alloys is discussed and single crystal superalloys for blade applications for turbine disc applications are discussed. And the role of coatings is discussed.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The physical metallurgy of nickel and its alloys 3. Single crystal superalloys for blade applications 4. Superalloys for turbine disc applications 5. Environmental degradation: the role of coatings 6. Summary and future trends.
3,067 citations
2,879 citations
01 Mar 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a solution to Fick's second law for a semi-infinite solid and a rigorous derivation of the kinetics of internal oxidation, as well as the effects of impurities on oxide defect structure.
Abstract: Acknowledgments Preface Introduction 1. Methods of investigation 2. Thermodynamic fundamentals 3. Mechanisms of oxidation 4. Oxidation of pure metals 5. Oxidation of alloys 6. Oxidation by oxidants other than oxygen 7. Reactions of metals in mixed environments 8. Hot corrosion 9. Erosion-corrosion of metals in oxidizing atmospheres 10. Protective coatings 11. Atmosphere control for the protection of metals during production processes Appendix A. Solution to Fick's second law for a semi-infinite solid Appendix B. Rigorous derivation of the kinetics of internal oxidation Appendix C. Effects of impurities on oxide defect structure Index.
2,200 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the proton conductivity in materials and the elements of proton conduction mechanisms are discussed with a special emphasis on proton chemistry, including structural reorganization and diffusional motion of extended moieties.
Abstract: In this review the phenomenon of proton conductivity in materials and the elements of proton conduction mechanismsproton transfer, structural reorganization and diffusional motion of extended moietiesare discussed with special emphasis on proton chemistry. This is characterized by a strong proton localization within the valence electron density of electronegative species (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) and self-localization effects due to solvent interactions which allows for significant proton diffusivities only when assisted by the dynamics of the proton environment in Grotthuss and vehicle type mechanisms. In systems with high proton density, proton/proton interactions lead to proton ordering below first-order phase transition rather than to coherent proton transfers along extended hydrogen-bond chains as is frequently suggested in textbooks of physical chemistry. There is no indication for significant proton tunneling in fast proton conduction phenomena for which almost barrierless proton transfer is suggest...
2,039 citations