This article is a contribution to the study of the spread of management innovations, methods and rhetorics. It particularly concerns the influence of ideological and political factors, which have so far mostly escaped in-depth study. In particular, we seek to understand to what extent a critique of society developed by social reformers can be a source of inspiration for managers, leading them to change their practices and experiment with new devices. Relying on the framework of historical change in management practices developed by Boltanski and Chiapello [Boltanski, L., & Chiapello, E. (2005). The new spirit of capitalism. London: Verso (Translation of Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme, Paris: Gallimard, 1999)], we study the specific development of budgetary control in France, examined in the light of the general political and economic history of the 20th century. This framework simultaneously encompasses the dissemination of a new accounting practice, the transformation of capitalist institutions and mo des of regulation in a given period and country, and the programmatic discourses [Miller, P., & Rose, N. (1990). Governing economic life. Economy and Society, 19(1), 1-31] associated with the historical move. More exactly, what interests us is a double enrolment process. The business world promoters of budgetary control use the rhetorics of social reformers to present budgetary control as a solution to the economic and social problems of their time; conversely, social reformers promote budgetary control as a realistic, efficient tool that can change the world. Ultimately, a degree of alliance is possible around this management tool, although the extent to which the meanings each group attributes to its action are shared may remain unclear. Based on an analysis of the writings of budgetary control promoters of the 1930s and the 1950s, we show the close links between their discourse and the reforming ideas of their time, and how we can trace through this corpus the evolution of this kind of political rationalities [Miller, P., & Rose, N. (1990). Governing economic life. Economy and Society, 19(1), 1-31] associated with governing and managing corporations we call the spirit of capitalism [Boltanski, L., & Chiapello, E. (2005). The new spirit of capitalism. London: Verso (Translation of Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme, Paris: Gallimard, 1999)].

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Criticisms of capitalism, budgeting and the double enrolment: Budgetary control rhetoric and social reform in France in the 1930s and 1950s

In November 1991 the Front National held a meeting in the town of Saint-Raphaël (Var) to publicize its new interest in environmental issues. In his keynote speech the secretary-general of the party, Bruno Mégret, attacked the Greens for opening the gates to immigration. He stated that ‘‘true ecology goes hand in hand with the defense of identity,’’ and in a calculated effort to dress the party’s écolofascisme with respectable credentials he claimed Alexis Carrel as ‘‘a man of the Right and the founder of ecology.’’1 Most people remembered Carrel (1873– 1944) as the recipient of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine and the author of the best-selling book Man, the Unknown (1935). Few, however, recalled his fascist and eugenic views; and only a handful of scholars knew of his role as head of the Fondation Française pour l’Etude des Problèmes Humains, a research institution created by

Alexis Carrel the Unknown: Eugenics and Population Research under Vichy

Aluminium du Cameroun (Alucam) was set up in 1957 as a subsidiary of the French aluminium group Pechiney. Since its creation, the Alucam plant has systematically applied policies that simul...

Corporate social responsibility before CSR: Practices at Aluminium du Cameroun (Alucam) from the 1950s to the 1980s

List of illustrations Abbreviations Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: the long liberation 2. Narrating liberation 3. Anticipating liberation: the gendered nation in print 4. Limiting liberation: 'the French for France' 5. Controlling liberation: Georges Mauco and a population fit for France 6. Liberation in place: Jewish women in the city 7. Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.

Jews and Gender in Liberation France

Immigration and retail trade both raise, in different but key ways, the question of the relationship between people and space. The construction of ethnicity involves modes of consumption, but also ways in which retailing is distributed. The appropriation of space by signs that denote foreignness is what enables a particular neighbourhood to become known as a quarter of immigration. But what can we say about the role of shops and businesses in the representation of ethnicity? This paper investigates the case of inter-war Paris from this perspective. It argues that this question cannot be answered simply from representational sources, such as contemporary accounts or photographs, and it draws on an indication less correlated with the spatial dimension and yet apparently still constitutive of a representation of alterity in the city: shop signs. The indicator provided by trading names makes it possible to connect discursive sources with sources bearing on practices, by showing the emergence of an issue of identity associated with trading names and designations. A choice that essentially reflects a commercial strategy also appears as the product of a logic of affiliation.

https://www.ihmc.ens.fr/IMG/pdf/hist_workshop_j-2010-zalc-133-51.pdf

Robert Belot

Papers

L'antisémitisme de plume, 1940-1944 : études et documents

Jean Coutrot de l'ingénieur au prophéte

Aux frontières de la liberté : Vichy - Madrid - Alger - Londres, s'évader de France sous l'occupation