Robert H. Morris

Bio: Robert H. Morris is an academic researcher from Nottingham Trent University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Mesenchymal stem cell & Electron mobility. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 92 publications receiving 1210 citations. Previous affiliations of Robert H. Morris include University of Cambridge & University of Chicago.

Art in Theory 1900-1990 : An Anthology of Changing Ideas

Abstract: ion and Form 1 Man Ray (1890-1977) Statement American by birth, though involved for most of his career with the European avant-garde centred in Paris, Man Ray is normally associated with his development of photographic techniques in the orbit first of Dada, and later, Surrealism. In this early statement he articulates a more orthodox formalist point of view. The 'Statement' was originally printed in 'The Forum Exhibition of Modern American Painters', Anderson Galleries, New York, March 1916. It is reproduced here from Lippard, 1971, op, cit. Throughout time painting has alternately been put to the service of the church, the state, arms, individual patronage, nature appreciation, scientific phenomena, anecdote, and decoration. But all the marvelous works that have been painted, whatever the sources of inspiration, still live for us because of absolute qualities they possess in common. The creative force and the expressiveness of painting reside materially in the color and texture of pigment, in the possibilities of form invention and organization, and in the flat plane on which these elements are brought to play. The artist is concerned solely with linking these absolute qualities directly to his wit, imagination, and experience, without the go-between of a 'subject.' Working on a single plane as the instantaneously visualizing factor, he realizes his mind motives and physical sensations in a permanent and universal language of color, texture, and form organization. He uncovers the pure plane of expression that has so long been hidden by the glazings of nature imitation, anecdote, and the other popular subjects. Accordingly the artist's work is to be measured by the vitality, the invention, and the definiteness and conviction of purpose within its own medium. 2 Viktor Shklovsky (1893-1984) from 'Art as Technique' The author was a participant in the Russian school of formalist linguistics which addressed crucial problems about the technical nature of art and literature in the years llle Abstraction and Form 275 around the Revolution. Taking as his stalking horse a Symbolist literary theory, Shklovsky outlines an opposing view of the nature of art. According to this, the purpose of art is 'de-familiarization'. As Shklovsky wrote elsewhere: 'A new form appears not in order to express a new content, but in order to replace an old form, which has already lost its artistic value.' Originally published as 'Iskusstvo kak priyorn' in Sborniki, II, Petrograd, 1917. These excerpts are drawn from the English translation ('Art as Technique', or 'Art as Device') in L. T . Lemon and M. J. Reis (eds.), Russian Formalist Criticism, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1965. 'Art is thinking in images.' This maxim, which even high school students parrot, is nevertheless the starting point for the erudite philologist who is beginning to put together some kind of systematic literary theory. The idea, originated in part by Porebnya, has spread. 'Without imagery there is no art, and in particular no poetry,' Potebnya writes. And elsewhere, 'Poetry, as well as prose, is first and foremost a special way of thinking and knowing.' Poetry is a special way of thinking; it is, precisely, a way of thinking in images, a way which permits what is generally called 'economy of mental effort,' a way which makes for 'a sensation of the relative ease of the process.' Aesthetic feeling is the reaction to this economy. This is how the academician OvsyanikoKulikovsky, who undoubtedly read the works of Potebnya attentively, almost certainly understood and faithfully summarized the ideas of his teacher. Potebnya and his numerous disciples consider poetry a special kind of thinking thinking by means of images; they feel that the purpose of imagery is to help channel various objects and acti vities into groups and to clarify the unknown by means of the known. [ ...] 'Without imagery there is no art' 'Art is thinking in images.' These maxims have led to far-fetched interpretations of individual works of an. Attempts have been made to evaluate even music, architecture, and lyric poetry as imagistic thought. After a quarter of a century of such attempts Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky finally had to assign lyric poetry, architecture, and music to a special category of imageless art and to define them as lyric arts appealing directly to the emotions. And thus he admitted an enormous area of art which is not a mode of thought A part of this area, lyric poetry (narrowly considered), is quite like the visual arts; it is also verbal. But, much more important, visual an passes quite imperceptibly into nonvisual art; yet our perceptions of both are similar. Nevertheless, the definition 'Art is thinking in images,' which means (I omit the usual middle terms of the argument) that art is the making of symbols, has survi ved the downfall of the theory which supported it. It survives chiefly in the wake of Symbolism, especially among the theorists of the Symbolist move-

A map of transcriptional heterogeneity and regulatory variation in human microglia.

Abstract: Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), play critical roles in immune defense, development and homeostasis. However, isolating microglia from humans in large numbers is challenging. Here, we profiled gene expression variation in primary human microglia isolated from 141 patients undergoing neurosurgery. Using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, we identify how age, sex and clinical pathology influence microglia gene expression and which genetic variants have microglia-specific functions using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping. We follow up one of our findings using a human induced pluripotent stem cell-based macrophage model to fine-map a candidate causal variant for Alzheimer's disease at the BIN1 locus. Our study provides a population-scale transcriptional map of a critically important cell for human CNS development and disease.

Ultra-high hole mobility exceeding one million in a strained germanium quantum well

Abstract: In this paper, we report a Hall mobility of one million in a germanium two-dimensional hole gas. The extremely high hole mobility of 1.1 × 106 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a carrier sheet density of 3 × 1011 cm−2 was observed at 12 K. This mobility is nearly an order of magnitude higher than any previously reported. From the structural analysis of the material and mobility modeling based on the relaxation time approximation, we attribute this result to the combination of a high purity Ge channel and a very low background impurity level that is achieved from the reduced-pressure chemical vapor deposition growth method.

A map of transcriptional heterogeneity and regulatory variation in human microglia

Abstract: Microglia, the tissue resident macrophages of the CNS, are implicated in a broad range of neurological pathologies, from acute brain injury to dementia. Here, we profiled gene expression variation in primary human microglia isolated from 141 patients undergoing neurosurgery. Using single cell and bulk RNA sequencing, we defined distinct cellular populations of acutely in vivo-activated microglia, and characterised a dramatic switch in microglial population composition in patients suffering from acute brain injury. We mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in human microglia and show that many disease-associated eQTLs in microglia replicate well in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC) derived macrophage model system. Using ATAC-seq from 95 individuals in this hIPSC model we fine-map candidate causal variants at risk loci for Alzheimer9s disease, the most prevalent neurodegenerative condition in acute brain injury patients. Our study provides the first population-scale transcriptional map of a critically important cell for neurodegenerative disorders.

Iterative model-building, structure refinement, and density modification with the PHENIX AutoBuild Wizard

Abstract: Iterative model-building, structure refinement, and density modification with the PHENIX AutoBuild Wizard Thomas C. Terwilliger a* , Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve b , Pavel V. Afonine b , Nigel W. Moriarty b , Peter Zwart b , Li-Wei Hung a , Randy J. Read c , Paul D. Adams b* a b Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Bldg 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. c Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. * Email: terwill@lanl.gov or PDAdams@lbl.gov Running title: The PHENIX AutoBuild Wizard Abstract The PHENIX AutoBuild Wizard is a highly automated tool for iterative model- building, structure refinement and density modification using RESOLVE or TEXTAL model- building, RESOLVE statistical density modification, and phenix.refine structure refinement. Recent advances in the AutoBuild Wizard and phenix.refine include automated detection and application of NCS from models as they are built, extensive model completion algorithms, and automated solvent molecule picking. Model completion algorithms in the AutoBuild Wizard include loop-building, crossovers between chains in different models of a structure, and side-chain optimization. The AutoBuild Wizard has been applied to a set of 48 structures at resolutions ranging from 1.1 A to 3.2 A, resulting in a mean R-factor of 0.24 and a mean free R factor of 0.29. The R-factor of the final model is dependent on the quality of the starting electron density, and relatively independent of resolution. Keywords: Model building; model completion; macromolecular models; Protein Data Bank; structure refinement; PHENIX Introduction Iterative model-building and refinement is a powerful approach to obtaining a complete and accurate macromolecular model. The approach consists of cycles of building an atomic model based on an electron density map for a macromolecular structure, refining the structure, using the refined structure as a basis for improving the map, and building a new model. This type of approach has been carried out in a semi-automated fashion for many years, with manual model-building iterating with automated refinement (Jensen, 1997). More recently, with the development first of ARP/wARP (Perrakis et al., 1999), and later other procedures including RESOLVE iterative model-building and refinement (Terwilliger,

Soft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics.

Abstract: This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators, highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer- to centimeter-scale robotic applications. Soft robots present a special design challenge in that their actuation and sensing mechanisms are often highly integrated with the robot body and overall functionality. When less than a centimeter, they belong to an even more special subcategory of robots or devices, in that they often lack on-board power, sensing, computation, and control. Soft, active materials are particularly well suited for this task, with a wide range of stimulants and a number of impressive examples, demonstrating large deformations, high motion complexities, and varied multifunctionality. Recent research includes both the development of new materials and composites, as well as novel implementations leveraging the unique properties of soft materials.

Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for "Indian" Pasts?

Abstract: JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Representations.

A Review of Scientific Instruments

Abstract: Journal of Scientific Instruments Editor: Dr H R Lang Vol 28 and Supplement No 1, 1951 Pp xvi + 388 + iii + 80 (London: Institute of Physics, 1951) Bound, £3 12s; unbound, £3

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Abstract: Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Vol. 2. Edited by J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney and L. H. Sutcliffe. Pp. vii + 269. (Oxford, London and New York: Pergamon Press, Ltd, 1967.) 90s. net. Advances in Magnetic Resonance Vol. 2. By John S. Waugh. Pp. xii + 269. (New York: Academic Press, Inc.; London: Academic Press, Inc. (London), Ltd, 1966.) $12.00. Guide to the NMR Empirical Method A Workbook. By Roy H. Bible jun.. Pp. xi + 305. (New York: Plenum Press, 1967.) $9.50.