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Robert L. Scott

Bio: Robert L. Scott is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Solubility & Hildebrand solubility parameter. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 5 publications receiving 2606 citations.

Papers
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Book
01 Jan 1964

1,226 citations

Book
01 Jan 1936
TL;DR: Hildebrand's book is an exception as mentioned in this paper, since the reviewer has taken the opportunity to renew his acquaintance with the earlier as well as the later text, and has found this to be a most interesting experience, since the book is full of matter which is not dealt with adequately in the ordinary text-books of physical chemistry.
Abstract: AbstractIT is not often that a reviewer, who has read through the first edition of a book, finds it worth while to do more than glance through a second edition, in order to discover and review the new sections that have been introduced. Prof. Hildebrand's book is an exception, since the reviewer has taken the opportunity to renew his acquaintance with the earlier as well as the later text, and has found this to be a most interesting experience, since the book is full of matter which is not dealt with adequately (and indeed appears to have been largely overlooked) in the ordinary text-books of physical chemistry.Solubility of Non-Electrolytes By Prof. Joel H. Hildebrand. (American Chemical Society Monograph Series, No. 17.) Second edition. Pp. 203. (New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation; London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1936.) 22s. 6d. net.

1,084 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the most significant papers on the theory of solutions which have appeared during the year 1949 can be found in this paper, where the authors give a critical account of the more significant papers bearing upon the theories of solutions.
Abstract: Introduction.-The purpose of the authors in writing the following review has been to give a critical account of the more significant papers bearing upon the theory of solutions which have appeared during the year 1949. We have not hesitated to trace certain developments back into 1948, but we are not giving the earlier background as fully as might be desirable if it were not for the expected publication of the third edition of our Solubility of Nonelectrolytes (1) in which the progress in the subject has been brought down to the middle of 1948.1 It would be impossible, in the space at our disposal, to mention all the contributions pertinent to the general topic without turning this review into a mere set of abstracts such as are already available elsewhere; conse· quently, we can only apologize upon these grounds for the failure to report on a number of good pieces of work. Certain topics and types of system have been the subject of particularly active study during the year and have brought to light points of more than ordinary interest. The reviews which follow have been grouped accordingly. Iodine solutions.-The investigation of iodine solutions has for many years contributed much to the theory of solubility and has continued during the past year to yield results of considerable significance. Iodine lends itself peculiarly. well to this purpose for several reasons: its solutions can be easily and accurately analyzed; its molecular attractive field is very high, giving an enormous range to its solubilities; its molecules have nearly spherical symmetry; and chemical effects can readily be differentiated from physical effects by departures in color from the violet of iodine vapor. A general review of "The Nature of Iodine Solutions" by Kleinberg & Davidson (2) covered the subject into 1948. Late in the same year Benesi & Hildebrand (3) published a paper on the solubility of iodine in 1,2. and 1,l-dichloroethanes, cisand trans-dichloroethylenes, and perfluoro-n-hep­ tane. All these solvents give violet solutions in spite of the considerable dipole moments of all but the last two, and the temperature dependence of solu­ bility in all cases fits them into the family of regular solution curves to which all violet solutions of iodine belong, the significance of which is maximum randomness of distribution of iodine molecules; so the entropy of transfer of

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The linear relation between the solubility of a solid nonelectrolyte and the logarithm of the absolute temperature, recently set forth by one of us, makes possible a rather accurate calculation of the partial molal entropy of transfer of the solute from solid to saturated solution as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The linear relation between the logarithm of the solubility of a solid nonelectrolyte and the logarithm of the absolute temperature, recently set forth by one of us, makes possible a rather accurate calculation of the partial molal entropy of transfer of the solute from solid to saturated solution. By subtracting from this the calculated entropy of fusion of the solid, one obtains the entropy of transfer from pure liquid to solution. This is several entropy units in excess of the ideal entropy in the case of solutions with high activity coefficients, but this difference is satisfactorily accounted for by the entropy involved in the expansion which accompanies the formation of such solutions under constant pressure. The entropy of mixing at constant volume seems to conform closely to the ideal (or Flory‐Huggins) entropy.

40 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a statistical treatment of high polymer solutions has been carried out on the basis of an idealized model, originally proposed by Meyer, which is analogous to the one ordinarily assumed in the derivation of the ''ideal'' solution laws for molecules of equal size.
Abstract: A statistical mechanical treatment of high polymer solutions has been carried out on the basis of an idealized model, originally proposed by Meyer, which is analogous to the one ordinarily assumed in the derivation of the ``ideal'' solution laws for molecules of equal size. There is obtained for the entropy of mixing of n solvent and N linear polymer molecules (originally disoriented), ΔS=−k[(n/β) ln v1+N ln v2] where v1 and v2 are volume fractions and β is the number of solvent molecules replaceable by a freely orienting segment of the polymer chain. This expression is similar in form to the classical expression for equal‐sized molecules, mole fractions having been replaced by volume fractions. When the disparity between the sizes of the two components is great, this expression gives entropies differing widely from the classical values, which accounts for the large deviations of high polymer solutions from ``ideal'' behavior. The entropy of disorientation of a perfectly arranged linear polymer is found t...

3,513 citations

Book
17 Sep 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, Hansen et al. presented a method for computing Hansen solubility parameters in a multicomponent mixture of solvents, using the FH model.
Abstract: Solubility Parameters - An Introduction C.M. Hansen Hildebrand Parameters and Basic Polymer Solution Thermodynamics Hansen Solubility Parameters Methods and Problems in the Determination of Partial Solubility Parameters Calculation of the Dispersion Solubility Parameter deltad Calculation of the Polar Solubility Parameter deltap Calculation of the Hydrogen Bonding Solubility Parameter deltah Supplementary Calculations And Procedures Hansen Solubility Parameters for Water Theory - The Prigogine Corresponding States Theory, the c12 Interaction Parameter, and the Hansen Solubility Parameters C.M. Hansen Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) Resemblance Between Predictions of Hansen Solubility Parameters and Corresponding States Theories The c12Parameter and Hansen Solubility Parameters Comparison of Calculated and Experimental c12 Parameters General Discussion Postscript Statistical Thermodynamic Calculations of the Hydrogen Bonding, Dipolar, and Dispersion Solubility Parameters C. Panayiotou Theory Applications Discussion and Conclusions Appendix I: The Acid Dimerization Appendix II: An Alternative Form of the Polar Term Appendix III: A Group-Contribution Method for the Prediction of delta and deltaD Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) in Thermodynamic Models for Polymer Solutions G.M. Kontogeorgis Group Contribution Methods for Estimating Properties of Polymers Activity Coefficients Models Using the HSP Conclusions and Future Challenges Appendix I: An Expression of the FH Model for Multicomponent Mixture Methods of Characterization - Polymers C.M. Hansen Calculation of Polymer HSP Solubility - Examples Swelling - Examples Melting Point Determinations - Effect of Temperature Environmental Stress Cracking Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements Other Measurement Techniques Methods of Characterization - Surfaces C.M. Hansen Hansen Solubility Parameter Correlations with Surface Tension (Surface Free Energy) Method to Evaluate the Cohesion Energy Parameters for Surfaces A Critical View of the Critical Surface Tensions A Critical View of the Wetting Tension Additional Hansen Solubility Parameter Surface Characterizations and Comparisons Self-Stratifying Coatings Maximizing Physical Adhesion Methods of Characterization for Pigments, Fillers, and Fibers C.M. Hansen Methods to Characterize Pigment, Filler, and Fiber Surfaces Discussion - Pigments, Fillers, and Fibers Hansen Solubility Parameter Correlation of Zeta Potential for Blanc Fixe Carbon Fiber Surface Characterization Controlled Adsorption (Self-Assembly) Applications - Coatings and Other Filled Polymer Systems C.M. Hansen Solvents Techniques for Data Treatment Solvents and Surface Phenomena in Coatings (Self-Assembly) Polymer Compatibility Hansen Solubility Parameter Principles Applied to Understanding Other Filled Polymer Systems Hansen Solubility Parameters of Asphalt, Bitumen and Crude Oils P. Redelius Models of Bitumen Asphaltenes Molecular Weight Polarity Solubility Parameters of Bitumen Testing of Bitumen Solubility Hildebrand Solubility Parameters Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) The Solubility Sphere Computer Program for Calculation and Plotting of the Hansen 3D Pseudosphere Components of Bitumen Bitumen and Polymers Crude Oil Turbidimetric Titrations BISOM Test Determination of Hansen Solubility Parameter Values for Carbon Dioxide L.L. Williams Methodology One-Component Hildebrand Parameter as a Function of Temperature and Pressure Three-Component (Hansen) Solubility Parameters - Pure CO2 Temperature and Pressure Effects on HSPs: deltad Temperature and Pressure Effects on HSPs: deltap Temperature and Pressure Effects on HSPs: deltah Addendum Appendix I: Ideal Solubility of Gases in Liquids and Published CO2 Solubility Data Use of Hansen Solubility Parameters to Identify Cleaning Applications for "Designer" Solvents J. Durkee A Variety of Solvents Pathology of Soils HSP of Multiple-Component Soils Method for Calculating HSP of Composites (Soils or Solvents) More Realistic View About Evaluating HSP of Composite Soils Method for Choice of Suitable Solvents Reference Soils for Comparison Identification of Designer Solvents An Open Question - Answered Limiting RA Value For Expected Good Cleaning Performance Application of HSP Methodology to Cleaning Operations Analysis of Capability of Designer Solvents Applications - Chemical Resistance C.M. Hansen Chemical Resistance - Acceptable-or-Not Data Effects of Solvent Molecular Size Chemical Resistance - Examples Special Effects with Water Applications - Barrier Polymers C.M. Hansen Concentration-Dependent Diffusion Solubility Parameter Correlations Based on Permeation Phenomena Solubility Parameter Correlation of Polymer Swelling Solubility Parameter Correlation of Permeation Coefficients for Gases General Considerations Applications - Environmental Stress Cracking in Polymers C.M. Hansen ESC Interpreted Using HSP ESC With Nonabsorbing Stress Cracking Initiators Hansen Solubility Parameters - Biological Materials C.M. Hansen and T. Svenstrup Poulsen Hydrophobic Bonding and Hydrophilic Bonding (Self-Association) DNA Cholesterol Lard Human Skin Proteins - Blood Serum and Zein Chlorophyll and Lignin Wood Chemicals and Polymers Urea Water Surface Mobility Chiral Rotation, Hydrogen Bonding, and Nanoengineering Absorption and Diffusion in Polymers C.M. Hansen Steady State Permeation The Diffusion Equation Surface Resistance Side Effects Film Formation by Solvent Evaporation Anomalous Diffusion (Case II, Super Case II) Applications - Safety and Environment C.M. Hansen Substitution Alternative Systems Solvent Formulation And Personal Protection For Least Risk The Danish Mal System - The Fan Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing Uptake of Contents by a Plastic Container Skin Penetration Transport Phenomena The Future Hansen Solubility Parameter Data and Data Quality Group Contribution Methods Polymers as Points - Solvents as Spheres Characterizing Surfaces Materials and Processes Suggested for Further Attention Theoretical Problems Awaiting Future Resolution Appendices Hansen Solubility Parameters for Selected Solvents with the major contribution of Hanno Priebe Hansen Solubility Parameters for Selected Correlations Solubility Data for the Original 33 Polymers and 88 Solvents Index * Each Chapter contains an Abstract, an Introduction, and a Conclusion. Many chapters may also include Acknowledgements, Additional Discussions or General Comments/Considerations, and chapter-specific Key Words, Abbreviations, and Symbols

2,532 citations

BookDOI
15 Jun 2007
TL;DR: Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) as mentioned in this paper are used to predict molecular affinities, solubilities, and Solubility-related phenomena, such as molecular affinity.
Abstract: Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubility-related phenomena. Revised and updated throughout, Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, Second Edition features the three Hansen solubility parameters for over 1200 chemicals and correlations for over 400 materials including p

1,848 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, precise data on the solubilities of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in distilled water and seawater are fitted to thermodynamically consistent equations by the method of least squares.

1,826 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The behavior of the Ps atom in molecular substances, particularly liquids, is investigated in this article, where the pickoff rates of oPs in various liquid compounds are found to have a simple empirical relationship to the values of the surface tension of the liquids.
Abstract: The behavior of the Ps atom in molecular substances, particularly liquids, is investigated. The pickoff rates of o‐Ps in various liquid compounds are found to have a simple empirical relationship to the values of the surface tension of the liquids. The relationship is found to have a theoretical foundation. The Ps atom is highly localized in a cavity created by the balance of various molecular forces inside the liquid. From the above relationship, other simple relationships between the pickoff rates of o‐Ps and the various properties of the medium, e.g., polarizability, cohesive energy density, etc., and the temperature or pressure changes can be derived and explained. The diffusion of o‐Ps is discussed. A similar approach can also be used for molecular solids.

1,731 citations