Robert M. Key

TL;DR: 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle are used to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.

TL;DR: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) as mentioned in this paper uses ocean sampling data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and the Ocean Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES) to produce objectively gridded property maps at a 1° resolution on 33 depth surfaces chosen to match existing climatologies for temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrients.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple function of sea surface salinity and temperature (SST) in the form AT = a + b (SSS − 35) + c (SS −35)2 + d (sST − 20) + e (Sst − 20 )2 fits surface total alkalinity (AT) data for each of five oceanographic regimes within an area-weighted uncertainty of ±8.1 μmol kg−1 (1σ).

TL;DR: The oceanic sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) over the period 1994 to 2007 is estimated to be 31 ± 4% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions over this period, consistent with the expectation of the ocean uptake having increased in proportion to the rise in atmospheric CO2.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established the fixed nitrogen budget of the Pacific Ocean based on nutrient fields from the recently completed World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), including denitrification in the water column and sediments, nitrogen fixation, atmospheric and riverine inputs, and nitrogen divergence due to the large scale circulation.