Attachment--and loss.

From the Publisher: 
A Question of Identity 
Life on the Screen is a fascinating and wide-ranging investigation of the impact of computers and networking on society, peoples' perceptions of themselves, and the individual's relationship to machines. Sherry Turkle, a Professor of the Sociology of Science at MIT and a licensed psychologist, uses Internet MUDs (multi-user domains, or in older gaming parlance multi-user dungeons) as a launching pad for explorations of software design, user interfaces, simulation, artificial intelligence, artificial life, agents, "bots," virtual reality, and "the on-line way of life." 
Turkle's discussion of postmodernism is particularly enlightening. She shows how postmodern concepts in art, architecture, and ethics are related to concrete topics much closer to home, for example AI research (Minsky's "Society of Mind") and even MUDs (exemplified by students with X-window terminals who are doing homework in one window and simultaneously playing out several different roles in the same MUD in other windows). Those of you who have (like me) been turned off by the shallow, pretentious, meaningless paintings and sculptures that litter our museums of modern art may have a different perspective after hearing what Turkle has to say. 
This is a psychoanalytical book, not a technical one. However, software developers and engineers will find it highly accessible because of the depth of the author's technical understanding and credibility. Unlike most other authors in this genre, Turkle does not constantly jar the technically-literate reader with blatant errors or bogus assertions about how things work. Although I personally don't have time or patience for MUDs,view most of AI as snake-oil, and abhor postmodern architecture, I thought the time spent reading this book was an extremely good investment.

스크린 위의 삶 = Life on the screen : identity in the age of the internet

Emotion and Adaptation

Individualism and collectivism

Although the Internet has transformed the way our world operates, it has also served as a venue for cyberbullying, a serious form of misbehavior among youth. With many of today's youth experiencing acts of cyberbullying, a growing body of literature has begun to document the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of this behavior, but the literature is highly fragmented and lacks theoretical focus. Therefore, our purpose in the present article is to provide a critical review of the existing cyberbullying research. The general aggression model is proposed as a useful theoretical framework from which to understand this phenomenon. Additionally, results from a meta-analytic review are presented to highlight the size of the relationships between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, as well as relationships between cyberbullying and other meaningful behavioral and psychological variables. Mixed effects meta-analysis results indicate that among the strongest associations with cyberbullying perpetration were normative beliefs about aggression and moral disengagement, and the strongest associations with cyberbullying victimization were stress and suicidal ideation. Several methodological and sample characteristics served as moderators of these relationships. Limitations of the meta-analysis include issues dealing with causality or directionality of these associations as well as generalizability for those meta-analytic estimates that are based on smaller sets of studies (k < 5). Finally, the present results uncover important areas for future research. We provide a relevant agenda, including the need for understanding the incremental impact of cyberbullying (over and above traditional bullying) on key behavioral and psychological outcomes.

Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research Among Youth

Review: Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization

Social networking site or social surveillance site? Understanding the use of interpersonal electronic surveillance in romantic relationships

Whether pornography consumption is a reliable correlate of sexually aggressive behavior continues to be debated. Meta-analyses of experimental studies have found effects on aggressive behavior and attitudes. That pornography consumption correlates with aggressive attitudes in naturalistic studies has also been found. Yet, no meta-analysis has addressed the question motivating this body of work: Is pornography consumption correlated with committing actual acts of sexual aggression? 22 studies from 7 different countries were analyzed. Consumption was associated with sexual aggression in the United States and internationally, among males and females, and in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Associations were stronger for verbal than physical sexual aggression, although both were significant. The general pattern of results suggested that violent content may be an exacerbating factor.

A Meta-Analysis of Pornography Consumption and Actual Acts of Sexual Aggression in General Population Studies

A classic question in the communication literature is whether pornography consumption affects consumers' satisfaction. The present paper represents the first attempt to address this question via meta-analysis. Fifty studies collectively including more than 50,000 participants from 10 countries were located across the interpersonal domains of sexual and relational satisfaction and the intrapersonal domains of body and self satisfaction. Pornography consumption was not related to the intrapersonal satisfaction outcomes that were studied. However, pornography consumption was associated with lower interpersonal satisfaction outcomes in cross-sectional surveys, longitudinal surveys, and experiments. Associations between pornography consumption and reduced interpersonal satisfaction outcomes were not moderated by their year of release or their publication status. But analyses by sex indicted significant results for men only.

Pornography Consumption and Satisfaction: a Meta-Analysis

This article reports tests of the relationships between problematic Internet use (PIU), time spent using the Internet, and psychosocial problems from the two perspectives Ten individual meta-analyses were first conducted to identify weighted mean correlations among the five variables included within the models The correlations derived from the meta-analyses were subsequently used in path analysis to test the alternative characterizations The results offer some support for the deficient self-regulation model but provide relatively little evidence consistent with the pathology perspective of PIU







Une evaluation de deux caracterisations des relations entre l’utilisation problematique d’Internet, le temps consacrea Internet et les problemes psychosociaux



Robert Shota Tokunaga & Stephen A Rains



Cet article rend compte de tests des relations entre l’utilisation problematique d’Internet (UPI), le temps consacrea Internet et les problemes psychologiques du point de vue de deux perspectives : celle de la pathologie et celle de l’auto-regulation deficiente Dix meta-analyses individuelles ont d’abord ete menees pour identifier des correlations moyennes ponderees parmi les cinq variables incluses dans les modeles Les correlations tirees des meta-analyses ont ensuite ete utilisees dans des analyses causales afin de tester les caracterisations alternatives Les resultats appuient en partie le modele de l’auto-regulation deficiente, mais offrent relativement peu de soutien a la perspective pathologique de l’UPI



Zur Bewertung des Verhaltnisses zwischen problematischem Internetgebrauch, Internetnutzungszeit und psychosozialen Problemen



Robert Shota Tokunaga & Stephen A Rains



Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Uberprufung des Zusammenhangs zwischen problematischem Internetgebrauch, der Internetnutzungszeit und psychosozialen Problemen aus zwei Blickwinkeln Wir fuhrten zehn Meta-Analysen durch, um die gewichteten Mittelwertskorrelationen zwischen den funf Variablen des Modells zu identifizieren Die Korrelationen der Meta-Analysen wurden anschliesend in eine Pfadanalyse uberfuhrt, um alternative Blickwinkel zu prufen Die Ergebnisse stutzen zum Teil das defizitare Selbstregulierungsmodell, bieten aber wenig Anhaltspunkte fur eine pathologische Perspektive auf einen problematischen Internetgebrauch







Evaluando Dos Caracterizaciones de las Relaciones entre el Uso Problematico del Internet, el Tiempo Dedicado al Uso del Internet, y los Problemas Sicologicos



Robert Shota Tokunaga & Stephen A Rains



Department of Communication, University of Arizona



Resumen



Este articulo reporta las pruebas de las relaciones entre el uso problematico del Internet PIU, el tiempo empleado en el uso del Internet, y los problemas psico-sociales desde 2 perspectivas 10 meta analisis individuales fueron conducidos primero para identificar el promedio medido de las correlaciones entre las 5 variables incluias dentro de los modelos Las correlaciones derivadas de los meta-analisis fueron usados subsecuentemente en el analisis de trayectoria para poner a prueba las caracterizaciones alternativas Los resultados ofrecen algo de apoyo al modelo de auto regulacion deficiente, pero proveen de relativamente poca evidencia consistente con la perspectiva patologica del PIU

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Robert S. Tokunaga

Papers

Review: Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization

Social networking site or social surveillance site? Understanding the use of interpersonal electronic surveillance in romantic relationships

A Meta-Analysis of Pornography Consumption and Actual Acts of Sexual Aggression in General Population Studies

Pornography Consumption and Satisfaction: a Meta-Analysis

An Evaluation of Two Characterizations of the Relationships Between Problematic Internet Use, Time Spent Using the Internet, and Psychosocial Problems