A comprehensive review on magnetic carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-based buckypaper for removal of heavy metals and dyes

According a wide range of relevant literature, the emulsion liquid membrane technique (ELM) is considered an efficient method to separate and recover organic and inorganic contaminants that could otherwise be released into the environment. One important limitation of ELM process concerns the stabilization and de-stabilization of emulsion globules. To address this, over the last few years, a new ELM trend known as the Pickering emulsion liquid membrane (PELM) has been developed. PELM involves nanoparticle concepts to achieve a more stable emulsion for wastewater treatment. In this article, ELM and PELM techniques, preparation methods, characteristics, stabilization methods (i.e., mechanical and ultrasound emulsification), and de-stabilization (i.e., swelling, leakage and coalescence) of the emulsion are reviewed and described. In addition, various parameters that could impact ELM stability, extraction, and recovery, such as emulsification speed and time, surfactant, carrier, internal agent, diluent, stirring speed, internal to membrane ratio, type of organic membrane, and treatment ratio, are also presented and discussed.

Application of emulsion and Pickering emulsion liquid membrane technique for wastewater treatment: an overview

Reliability assurance is a series of activities that ensure that the product reliability requirements be realised in a product life cycle. However, as reliability assurance activities are usually only implemented in design and usage, the integration of reliability assurance with quality control in production has not attracted the attention it deserved, thereby hindering production performance improvement to satisfy increasingly stringent customer requirements. To this end, this paper proposes a reliability-oriented quality control framework to integrate quality control and reliability assurance in production according to the principles of total quality management (TQM). Firstly, from the integrated quality and reliability assurance perspective, the RQR chain is proposed to represent the bidirectional relationships among the three basic management objects in a production process, namely, manufacturing system reliability (R), manufacturing process quality (Q), and the produced product reliability (R). Secon...

Reliability-oriented quality control approach for production process based on RQR chain

This study investigates extraction of nickel from aqueous solution using a green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM). Waste cooking oil and Cyanex 301 showed excellent potential for extraction of nickel as diluent and extractant respectively. Process intensification was achieved through parameter screening and optimization using Plackett Barman design (PBD). Screening of the nine process parameters viz. surfactant concentration (1 - 3, v/v,%), carrier concentration (2-6, v/v,%), agitation speed (200-600, rpm), agitation time (5-15 min), pH of the feed solution (3-7), treat ratio (10-20), internal stripping agent concentration (0.25 – 0.75 M), initial Ni ion concentration (100-500 mg/L) and volume of organic to aqueous phase ratio (1-2), were conducted. Under optimal conditions, the maximum nickel that selectively transferred into the internal phase was 98.7%. The best operating optimum conditions identified were: surfactant concentration – 2.66 (v/v,%), carrier concentration – 5.2 (v/v,%), pH of the feed solution – 4.2, treat ratio – 10.0, initial Ni ion concentration – 100 mg/L. The stripping efficiency and reusability of GELM was also studied for nickel extraction. Artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to model the GELM process and the results were compared.

Extraction of nickel using a green emulsion liquid membrane – Process intensification, parameter optimization and artificial neural network modeling

The present paper on Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) focuses on the process of water and oil separation in the emulsion or better known as demulsification. The success of demulsification allows the ...

A review of demulsification technique and mechanism for emulsion liquid membrane applications

Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di sekolah piloting maupun pelaksana mandiri perlu dievaluasi untuk menjaga konsistensi pencapaian tujuan kurikulum itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di sekolah pelaksana mandiri yang meliputi (1) Kesiapan implementasi; (2) Proses pembelajaran dan evaluasi pembelajaran, (3) hasil implementasi;  dan (4) tingkat keberhasilan implementasi.  Metode evaluasi yang digunakan adalah model Countenan Stake yang membagi komponen kurikulum dalam matrik observasi dan matrik pertimbangan meliputi tahap pendahuluan (antecedent), proses (transaction), dan hasil (outcomes). Penelitian dilakukan di SD Nasima Semarang yang merupakan sekolah pelaksana mandiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tahap pendahuluan atau kesiapan implementasi meliputi kesiapan guru, buku, sarana prasarana, dan rencana pembelajaran sangat baik (95%), tahap proses yang meliputi kegiatan pembelajaran dan evaluasi pembelajaran sangat baik (90%), dan hasil implementasi yang meliputi respon peserta didik dan hasil belajar juga sangat baik (94%). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di sekolah pelaksana mandiri dapat berjalan sangat baik dengan dukungan pemenuhan standar nasional pendidikan dan para guru yang memiliki  motivasi, kreativitas, dan kinerja  yang baik.Implementation of Curriculum 2013 in schools piloting or independent organizers needs to be evaluated to maintain the consistency of curriculum goals. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of Curriculum 2013 in  independent organizer to determine: (1) the readiness of implementation; (2) learning teaching process and evaluation; (3) results of the implementation; and (4) the success rate of implementation .The evaluation used Countenan Stake method which devided curriculum component in the judgment matrix and observation matrix includes the consideration of antecedent, transaction, and outcomes. The study was conducted in elementary school Nasima Semarang which is independent organizer. The results showed that the preparing stage or implementation readiness include the readiness of teachers, books, facilities, and learning plan is very good (95%), stage process that includes learning activities and learning evaluation is very good (90%), and the results of the implementation which includes responses students and learning outcomes are also very good (94%). Implementation of Curriculum 2013 in schools independent organizer can run really well by the support of compliance with  education national standards and teachers who have the motivation, creativity, and good performance.

Evaluasi Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Sekolah Pelaksana Mandiri

This article intends to present information and awareness to the society regarding issues related the importance of recycling textile and apparels. This is mainly due to the fact that the fashion industry is among the ones that produce great quantity of waste that could lead to environmental pollution. Textile material waste is becoming a common issue in the fashion industry. This happens when drastic changes occur in the fashion industry. Thus, the fashion industry now produces various designs of apparels by offering low prices. Therefore, the consumers are presented with more choices in choosing their clothing style that needs to be disposed and recycled. Due to this, the textile and apparel production should take into consideration the importance of sustaining the environment by producing environment-friendly products that can be recycled. The fashion industry players need to think of effective methods that encourage consumers to buy textile products that can be recycled and re-used. Designers need to be creative and innovative in re-designing apparels which are being recycled. The consumers need to be more positive and show tendency to buy textile products and environment-friendly apparels that are made of used materials and organic materials such as bamboo, chicken feather fibre and vegetable oil. All the related parties need to work together in order to overcome environmental pollution and this cooperation will ensure proper and effective handling of environmental pollution.

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Environmentally sustainable apparel: recycle, repairing and reuse apparel

The minimum facility of wastewater treatment in batik home industry raises an environmental problem. Application of emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) in recovering textile dyes from industrial liquid waste is still an important alternative to solve the problem. Conventional ELM technology has problems of emulsion stability as well as used emulsion breaking. ELM system under Taylor-Couette column (TCC) offers solution for emulsion stability. Emulsion was prepared by using Span 80 as surfactant, kerosene as diluent, and hydrogen chloride as internal phase solution. Real batik industry wastewater was employed as external feed phase solution. Emulsion was produced using ultrasonic probe. The obtained emulsion was then mixed with the external feed solution in TCC. After extraction process, the sample was taken. The raffinate was taken to test final concentration of textile dye. The highest extraction efficiency of 99.4% was obtained from the system composed of external phase pH of 10 and HCl concentration of 0.5 M.

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Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Textile Dyes Removal: Extraction Process

Although textile dyes is basically available in very low concentration; it should be removed due to the toxicity to human body and environment. Among the existing methods, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is a promising method by providing high interfacial area and the ability to remove a very low concentration of the solute. The optimal emulsions were produced using commercially supplied homogeniser. The drop size was measured by the aid of microscope and image J software. Initially, methylene blue in simulated wastewater was extracted using a stirrer. Methylene blue concentration was determined using spectrophotometer. The research obtained optimal emulsion at surfactant concentration of 4 wt. %, kerosene as diluent, emulsification time of 30 min, emulsification speed of 2000 rpm. The lowest membrane breakage and the longest stability time were about 0.11% and 150 min, respectively.

Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Textile Dye Removal:Stability Study

Although textile dyes is basically available in very low concentration (10-200 ppm); it should be removed due to the toxicity to human body and environment. Among the existing methods, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is a promising method by providing high interfacial area and the ability to remove a very low concentration of the solute. The optimal emulsions were produced using commercially supplied homogeniser. Initially, methylene blue in simulated wastewater was extracted using a Taylor-Couette column. Methylene blue concentration was determined using spectrophotometer. Complete extraction was performed in the designed column. The research obtained optimal extraction efficiency of about 99% at external phase pH of 10, carrier concentration of 9 wt. %, HCl concentration of 0.5 M, initial feed concentration of 20 ppm, volume ratio of emulsion to feed phase of 1:5, extraction time of 5 min, and extraction speed of 600 rpm.

Rodia Syamwil

Papers

Evaluasi Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di Sekolah Pelaksana Mandiri

Environmentally sustainable apparel: recycle, repairing and reuse apparel

Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Textile Dyes Removal: Extraction Process

Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Textile Dye Removal:Stability Study

Enhancing textile dye removal in emulsion liquid membrane system using taylor couette column