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Rodney S. Ruoff

Bio: Rodney S. Ruoff is an academic researcher from Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Graphene & Graphene oxide paper. The author has an hindex of 164, co-authored 666 publications receiving 194902 citations. Previous affiliations of Rodney S. Ruoff include Texas State University & North Carolina State University.


Papers
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TL;DR: The temperature variation observed for the molecular volumes obtained using the D(T)/D(R) ratio is argued to be a signature for the breakdown or decoupling of the Stokes-Einstein and Stoke-Estein-Debye relationships in these neat IL systems, consistent with recent molecular dynamic simulations.
Abstract: The translational self-diffusion coefficients (D(T)) for a series of tetra-alkyl acyclic ammonium and cyclic pyrrolidinium ionic liquids (ILs) were measured using (1)H pulse field gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy over various temperatures. These NMR diffusion results were combined with previously measured rotational diffusion coefficients (D(R)) obtained from (14)N NMR relaxation measurements for the same ILs (Alam, T. M.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 4307- 4316). The D(T)/D(R) ratio was then used to estimate the effective hydrodynamic radius and corresponding volumes without the need to directly measure the viscosities of the ILs. The generality, validity, and performance of using this D(T)/D(R) ratio is discussed and compared to the effective hydrodynamic volumes obtained using classic D(T)/viscosity and D(R)/viscosity relationships. The temperature variation observed for the molecular volumes obtained using the D(T)/D(R) ratio is argued to be a signature for the breakdown or decoupling of the Stokes-Einstein and Stoke-Einstein-Debye relationships in these neat IL systems, consistent with recent molecular dynamic simulations.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, rotational spectra have been observed for a number of isotopic species of the (HCN)2−HF, HCl, HCF3, and CO2 trimers with the pulsed nozzle, Fourier transform, Flygare/Balle Mark II spectrometer.
Abstract: Microwave rotational spectra have been observed for a number of isotopic species of the (HCN)2–HF, –HCl, –HCF3, and –CO2 trimers. The observations were made with the pulsed nozzle, Fourier transform, Flygare/Balle Mark II spectrometer. The trimers have structures which are composites of the linear (HCN)2 dimer and the HCN–Y dimers, the latter linear for Y=HF and HCl, a symmetric top for Y=HCF3, and T‐shaped with C2v symmetry for Y=CO2. The rotational constants for the most abundant species of each trimer are as follows: For Y=HF and HCl, B0 is 699.204 and 467.408 MHz, respectively, and DJ is 162 and 87 Hz; for Y=HCF3, B0 is 305.742 MHz and DJ and DJK are 51 and 471 Hz; for Y=CO2, treated as a symmetric top, (B0+C0)/2 is 452.426 MHz and DJ is 1.057 kHz. Hyperfine interaction constants were determined for several species. The B0’s for each trimer were analyzed by a combination of isotopic substitution and fitting procedures to determine the distances r1 and r2 between the centers of mass (c.m.) of adjacent ...

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the elastic modulus and pre-stress of multilayer vermiculite membranes were obtained using atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with finite element analysis.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an O2-plasma-assisted approach for identifying the coverage, wrinkles, domain size, and layer number of large-area graphene films on Cu foils by optical microscopy is presented.
Abstract: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu foils emerged as an important method for preparing high-quality and large-area graphene films for practical applications. However, to date it remains challenging to rapidly identify the structural features, especially the layer numbers, of CVD-graphene directly on Cu substrate. Herein, we report an O2-plasma-assisted approach for identifying the coverage, wrinkles, domain size, and layer number of large-area graphene films on Cu foils by optical microscopy. The wrinkles and grain boundaries of five-layer graphene can be observed with a grayscale increment of ∼23.4% per one graphene layer after O2-plasma treatment for only 15 s, which allows for checking graphene on Cu foils with a sample size of 17 cm × 20 cm in a few minutes. The Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy presents a strong layer number dependence of both the plasma induced graphene defects and Cu oxides, which, as indicated by molecular dynamic simulation, is responsible for the improved...

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general study of cantilever beam nonlinearity under a variety of loading conditions with analytical and finite element analyses was performed with a custom-made nanomanipulator inside a scanning electron microscope.
Abstract: Microcantilevers are widely used in micro-/nanoscale mechanics studies. The nonlinear response of a cantilever at large deflection is sometimes overlooked. A general study of cantilever beam nonlinearity under a variety of loading conditions was performed with analytical and finite element analyses. Analytical equations for the applied load and the cantilever deflection were obtained. The cantilever nonlinearity was found to increase with increasing cantilever deflection and/or angle of loading. Tensile tests were performed on templated carbon nanotubes (TCNTs) with a custom-made nanomanipulator inside a scanning electron microscope. Atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers were used to load the TCNTs and sense the force. During the tests the AFM cantilevers were loaded to relatively large deflections with nonvertical loads applied at the AFM tip. Based on the slope and the loading angle measurements, the breaking forces of the TCNTs were obtained through numerical integration of the analytical equations...

22 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments.
Abstract: Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.

35,293 citations

01 May 1993
TL;DR: Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems.
Abstract: Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a fixed subset of atoms; the second assigns each a fixed subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficiently—those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of data between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 100,000,000 atoms on several parallel supercomputers--the nCUBE 2, Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon, and Cray T3D. Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of 90% and a 1840-node Intel Paragon performs up to 165 faster than a single Cray C9O processor. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.

29,323 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Changgu Lee1, Xiaoding Wei1, Jeffrey W. Kysar1, James Hone1, James Hone2 
18 Jul 2008-Science
TL;DR: Graphene is established as the strongest material ever measured, and atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime.
Abstract: We measured the elastic properties and intrinsic breaking strength of free-standing monolayer graphene membranes by nanoindentation in an atomic force microscope. The force-displacement behavior is interpreted within a framework of nonlinear elastic stress-strain response, and yields second- and third-order elastic stiffnesses of 340 newtons per meter (N m(-1)) and -690 Nm(-1), respectively. The breaking strength is 42 N m(-1) and represents the intrinsic strength of a defect-free sheet. These quantities correspond to a Young's modulus of E = 1.0 terapascals, third-order elastic stiffness of D = -2.0 terapascals, and intrinsic strength of sigma(int) = 130 gigapascals for bulk graphite. These experiments establish graphene as the strongest material ever measured, and show that atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime.

18,008 citations