Author
Roel van de Krol
Other affiliations: Technical University of Berlin, Delft University of Technology, Leiden University
Bio: Roel van de Krol is an academic researcher from Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. The author has contributed to research in topics: Water splitting & Photocurrent. The author has an hindex of 42, co-authored 133 publications receiving 9859 citations. Previous affiliations of Roel van de Krol include Technical University of Berlin & Delft University of Technology.
Topics: Water splitting, Photocurrent, Bismuth vanadate, Band gap, Thin film
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: By combining this state-of-the-art photoanode with an earth-abundant cobalt phosphate water-oxidation catalyst and a double- or single-junction amorphous Si solar cell in a tandem configuration, stable short-circuit water-splitting photocurrents of ~4 and 3 mA cm(-2) are achieved under 1 sun illumination.
Abstract: The photoactivity of metal oxide electrodes for water splitting is often limited by poor charge separation. Abdi et al. improve the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency in a hybrid device that comprises a gradient-doped bismuth vanadate photoanode and a double-junction amorphous silicon tandem solar cell.
1,126 citations
TL;DR: Recently developed semiconductor materials for the direct conversion of light into fuels are scrutinized with respect to their atomic constitution, electronic structure and potential for practical performance as photoelectrodes in PEC cells.
Abstract: To achieve a sustainable society with an energy mix primarily based on solar energy, we need methods of storing energy from sunlight as chemical fuels. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices offer the promise of solar fuel production through artificial photosynthesis. Although the idea of a carbon-neutral energy economy powered by such ‘artificial leaves’ is intriguing, viable PEC energy conversion on a global scale requires the development of devices that are highly efficient, stable and simple in design. In this Review, recently developed semiconductor materials for the direct conversion of light into fuels are scrutinized with respect to their atomic constitution, electronic structure and potential for practical performance as photoelectrodes in PEC cells. The processes of light absorption, charge separation and transport, and suitable energetics for energy conversion in PEC devices are emphasized. Both the advantageous and unfavourable aspects of multinary oxides, oxynitrides, chalcogenides, classic semiconductors and carbon-based semiconductors are critically considered on the basis of their experimentally demonstrated performance and predicted properties. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices offer the promise of efficient artificial photosynthesis. In this Review, recently developed light-harvesting materials for PEC application are scrutinized with respect to their atomic constitution, electronic structure and potential for practical performance in PEC cells.
1,064 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed understanding of why perovskite solar cells are so efficient is provided, and the authors use femtosecond laser spectroscopy and microwave photoconductivity measurements to reveal important insights into the photoinduced charge transfer processes and dynamics of such cells.
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells are currently generating great interest in the photovoltaics community, but a detailed understanding of why they are so efficient is lacking. Femtosecond laser spectroscopy and microwave photoconductivity measurements now reveal important insights into the photoinduced charge transfer processes and dynamics of such cells.
649 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the operating principles of photo-electrochemical devices for water splitting, their main bottlenecks, and various device concepts are reviewed, and the advantages and pitfalls of the use of interfacial layers and dopants are discussed.
Abstract: The direct conversion of solar energy into hydrogen represents an attractive but challenging alternative for photo-voltaic solar cells. Several metal oxide semiconductors are able to split water into hydrogen and oxygen upon illumination, but the efficiencies are still (too) low. The operating principles of photo-electrochemical devices for water splitting, their main bottlenecks, and the various device concepts will be reviewed. Materials properties play a key role, and the advantages and pitfalls of the use of interfacial layers and dopants will be discussed. Special attention will be given to recent progress made in the synthesis of nanostructured metal oxides with high aspect ratios, such as nanowire arrays, which offers new opportunities to develop efficient photo-active materials for solar water splitting.
645 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the basic principles of photoelectrochemical cells and their properties and properties are discussed. And a discussion of emerging trends in Water Photoelectrolysis is presented.
Abstract: Part I: Basic Principles: Introduction.- Principles of Photoelectrochemical Cells.- Photoelectrochemical Measurements.- Part II: Materials Properties and Synthesis: Nanostructured alpha-Fe2O3 Photoanodes.- Mixed Metal Oxide Photoelectrodes and Photocatalysts.- Combinatorial Identification and Optimization of New Oxide Semiconductors.- Part III: Devices and Device Characterization.- Multijunction Approaches to Photo-electrochemical Water Splitting.- Part IV: Future Perspectives.- Economic and Business Perspectives.- Emerging Trends in Water Photoelectrolysis.
512 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
9,929 citations
9,432 citations
TL;DR: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency as mentioned in this paper, and many DSC research groups have been established around the world.
Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...
8,707 citations
TL;DR: Titanium dioxide is the most investigated single-crystalline system in the surface science of metal oxides, and the literature on rutile (1.1) and anatase surfaces is reviewed in this paper.
7,056 citations
TL;DR: Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting and its Applications d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 4.4.1.
Abstract: 2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519
6,332 citations