Beside numerous extensive studies on Anophelinae mosquitoes of Iran, little is known on Aedes species in the country and existing reports are dispersed. The objective of this study was to identify adults of Culicinae species occurring in the Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeast of Iran, during 2012-2014. Mosquito collections were carried out three times (May-June, September, October-November) in four counties by Centers for Diseases Control (CDC) light traps and human landing catches outdoors and under bed nets baited with carbon dioxide. These trapping were carried out two consecutive nights during the field studies. Several mosquito collections were also conducted with aspirator and pyrethrum spray space catches during the day. A total of 1885 mosquitoes were collected, belonging to 10 species of genus Culex including Cx. pipiens Complex, Cx. laticinctus, Cx. sinaiticus, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, one species of the genus Culiseta, Cs. longiareolata, and five species of the genus Aedes, Ae. caspius, Ae. vexans, Ae. detritus, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. unilineatus. Ae. vexans was the dominant species in the area (77.7%). During the study, seven Ae. unilineatus were collected in two villages near the city of Chabahar located in a coastal area; this is the first record for Iran and identification was confirmed by Cytochrome oxidase (COI) sequences analysis. Confirmation of the presence of Ae. unilineatus in the country raises the number of species of the genus Aedes to 12. The detection of this species reveals its probable establishment in the southeast of the country, which has implications for public health such as dengue and Zika infections and requires active entomological surveillance and implementation of adapted vector control measures in the area.

Morphological studies on adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and first report of the potential Zika virus vector Aedes (Stegomyia) unilineatus (Theobald, 1906) in Iran.

A survey from April to December 2016 regarding prevalence, relative abundance and preferred breeding habitats of mosquito species was conducted in three union councils (Pajaggi, Dag and Larama) of District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 4086 adults mosquitoes (1806 male and 2280 female) were identified, comprising 11 species belonging to four genera; Culex, Aedes, Anopheles and Armigeres. Among all species Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vishnui, Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus were identified as dominant. The maximum mosquito population was recorded in Pajaggi union council (1549/4086) followed by Dag (1473/4086) and Larama union councils (1064/4086) respectively. In September and October highest mosquitoes density (966/4086 and 864/4086) was recorded while lowest in June (179/4086) and December (212/4086) respectively. Catch basins were the most preferred breeding site from which 4 species comprising 1299/4086 mosquitoes were collected.

http://www.dipterajournal.com/pdf/2017/vol4issue2/PartB/4-2-10-983.pdf

Prevalence of Culex, Aedes, Anopheles and Armigeres mosquitoes at selected localities of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

OBJECTIVES Lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination through mass drug administration (MDA) of DEC and albendazole have resulted in very low levels of infection in most endemic districts in India. But small pockets with residual microfilaraemia in the community and antigeneamia in children ('hotspots') are a cause of concern. We aimed to identify the determinants of such transmission hotspots and filarial infection in households using data from 33 communities. METHODS The filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus was collected from 627 randomly selected households using gravid traps. Parallel data on environmental, entomological, demographical, socio-economical and behavioural factors were analysed to identify the determinants of hotspots and household-level infection. RESULTS Hotspots and non-hotspots did not differ significantly in terms of socio-economical and behavioural aspects, but did differ in terms of demographical and environmental factors. Logistic regression revealed that tiled and concrete houses increased the risk of an area being a hotspot by 2.0 and 2.9 times respectively. Presence of Culex breeding habitats was significantly associated with elevated risk of being a hotspot. Proximity of U-drains to a house increased the risk of filarial infection 5.8 times. CONCLUSIONS An environment suitable to Culex breeding influences continued transmission despite eight rounds of MDA, particularly in hotspots. Proximity to U-drains increases the risk of infection in households. Implementing localised vector control measures may help interrupt low-level transmission, thereby reducing the risk of resurgence in the absence of MDA.

Determinants of transmission hotspots and filarial infection in households after eight rounds of mass drug administration in India.

Sumedang regency reported being one of dengue endemic areas in West Java. The number of dengue fever patients in Sumedang District General Hospital increased in the last quarter of 2015. Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) is one of most significant areas in Jatinangor Sumedang where many people are doing their activity day and night. The purpose of the study was to identify what types of mosquito genera exist in Unpad campus according to the time and location. A field survey was conducted at 22 locations in Unpad campus using modified electric light trap placed indoor and outdoor at each site from September to November 2016. The modified electrical trap was turned on for 24 hours, and samples collected every 12 hours. Mosquitoes trapped were put into the plastic cup, labeled according to time collected, and brought to Parasitology Laboratory of Unpad for identification. The study result identified four types of mosquito genera which were Culex spp. (405), Armigeres spp. (70), Aedes spp. (33), and Anopheles spp. (10). Prevention toward potential breeding sites and protection using window net should be considered to reduce the risk of vector-borne diseases. In conclusion, Aedes spp. is the most active mosquito during the day while Culex spp. and Armigeres spp. are the most active mosquito during the night. SURVEI NYAMUK DI KAWASAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN  JATINANGOR PADA BULAN SEPTEMBER–NOVEMBER 2016 Kabupaten Sumedang dilaporkan sebagai salah satu daerah endemik demam berdarah di Jawa Barat. Jumlah pasien demam berdarah yang datang ke Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sumedang meningkat dalam tiga bulan terakhir pada tahun 2015. Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) merupakan salah satu wilayah yang terluas di Jatinangor Sumedang sebagai tempat banyak orang melakukan aktivitas pada siang dan malam hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis genera nyamuk yang ada di kampus Unpad Jatinangor berdasar atas waktu dan lokasi. Survei lapangan dilakukan pada 22 lokasi di kampus Unpad Jatinangor pada bulan September–November 2016 menggunakan perangkap nyamuk cahaya yang dimodifikasi. Perangkap nyamuk ditempatkan di dalam dan luar ruangan untuk setiap lokasi. Perangkap nyamuk dipasang selama 24 jam, kemudian nyamuk dikumpulkan setiap 12 jam. Nyamuk yang terperangkap dikumpulkan dan dimasukkan ke dalam cangkir plastik, diberi label sesuai dengan waktu pengambilan, kemudian dibawa ke Laboratorium Parasitologi Unpad untuk diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 4 genera nyamuk ditemukan di kampus Unpad Jatinangor, yaitu Culex spp. (405), Armigeres spp. (70), Aedes spp. (33), dan Anopheles spp. (10). Pencegahan pada tempat yang berpotensi menjadi sarang nyamuk dan perlindungan menggunakan kawat nyamuk pada jendela harus dipertimbangkan untuk menurunkan risiko penyakit tular vektor. Simpulan penelitian ini, Aedes spp. merupakan nyamuk yang paling aktif pada siang hari serta Culex spp. dan Armigeres spp. yang paling aktif pada malam hari.

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Mosquito Survey in the Campus Area of Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor in September to November 2016

Background Commercial insecticides were widely used by communities to control the mosquito population in their houses. D-allethrin is one of insecticide ingredients widely distributed in two different concentrations namely 0.15% of aerosol and 0.3% of coil formulations. We aimed to understand the mortality of indoor mosquitoes after being exposed to d-allethrin 0.15% (aerosol) and 0.3% (coil) formulations. Methods This quasi-experiment study applied the posttest-only comparison group design. The aerosol and coil d-allethrin were used to expose the wild mosquitoes in twelve dormitory bedrooms of SMKN Jawa Tengah, a vocational high school belonging to Central Java Provincial Government, on March 2017. The compounds were exposed for 60 min to each bedroom with four-week interval for both of formulations. The knockdown mosquitoes were collected into a plastic cup and delivered to the laboratory for 24h holding, morphologically species identification and mortality recording. History of insecticide use in the dormitory was recorded by an interview with one student in each bedroom. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney. Results As many as 57 knockdown mosquitoes belonging to three species were obtained namely Culex fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti with mortality rate of 50.88% after 24h holding. Knockdown and mortality of mosquitoes were significantly different based on d-allethrin formulations. D-allethrin concentrations were not effective for controlling Culex mosquitoes but effective for Ae. aegypti. Conclusion Further efficacy of d-allethrin 0.15% aerosol to eradicate Ae. aegypti is necessary to be conducted in supporting the Dengue vector control.

/pdf/effect-of-d-allethrin-aerosol-and-coil-to-the-mortality-of-11ochq4ixf.pdf

Effect of D-Allethrin Aerosol and Coil to the Mortality of Mosquitoes.

A study of mosquitoes was conducted to identify the population dynamics, relative abundance, distribution and habitat preferences of mosquitos of University of Peshawar Campus. Six habitats including discarded containers, waste water open drains, bamboo glasses, rain water pools, flower vases and tyres were used for the collection of immature stages of mosquitoes. A total of 2419 adult mosquitoes (1433 females and 985 males) comprising six species viz. Aedes albopictus (57.1%), Aedes unilineatus (2.52%), Aedes walbus (2.8%), Armigeres subalbatus (3.84%), Culex quinquefasciatus (33.7%) and Anopheles stephensi (0.04%) were recovered from all studied habitats. Ae. Albopictus was found to be the dominant and frequently distributed specie. Cx. Quinquefasciatus was the second dominant specie with moderate distribution. Ar. Subalbatus, Ae. unilineatus and Ae. W-albus were all identified as sub-dominant species with the former two as infrequent and the later one as sporadic species. An. stephensi was identified as satellite cum sporadic species during the study. Bamboo glasses were the richest habitat from where 4 species were recovered while no larvae were found in the tyres. The highest number of mosquitoes were detected during October (481) while the lowest in December (224).

https://www.entomoljournal.com/vol2Issue2/pdf/22.1.pdf

Rohi Naz

Papers

Population Dynamics of Mosquitoes in Various Breeding Habitats at University of Peshawar Campus, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan