Roland Barthes

Bio: Roland Barthes is an academic researcher from Kenyon College. The author has contributed to research in topics: Criticism & Pleasure. The author has an hindex of 57, co-authored 195 publications receiving 24529 citations.

La muerte del autor

Abstract: Balzac, en su novela Sarrasine, hablando de un castrado disfrazado de mujer, escribe lo siguiente: “Era la mujer, con sus miedos repentinos, sus caprichos irracionales, sus instintivas turbaciones, sus audacias sin causa, sus bravatas y su exquisita delicadeza de sentimientos”. ?Quien esta hablando asi? ?El heroe de la novela, interesado en ignorar al castrado que se esconde bajo la mujer? ?El individuo Balzac, al que la experiencia personal ha provisto de una filosofia sobre la mujer? ?El autor Balzac, haciendo profesion de ciertas ideas “literarias” sobre la feminidad? ?La sabiduria universal? ?La psicologia romantica? Jamas sera posible averiguarlo, por la sencilla razon de que la escritura es la destruccion de toda voz, de todo origen. La escritura es ese lugar neutro, compuesto, oblicuo, al que va a parar nuestro sujeto, el blanco-y-negro en donde acaba por perderse toda identidad, comenzando por la propia identidad del cuerpo que escribe.

From Work to Text

Abstract: It is a fact that over the last few years a certain change has taken place (or is taking place) in our conception of language and, consequently, of the literary work which owes at least its phenomenal existence to this same language. The change is clearly connected with the current development of (amongst other disciplines) linguistics, anthropology, Marxism and psychoanalysis (the term 'connection' is used here in a deliberately neutral way: one does not decide a determination, be it multiple and dialectical). What is new and which affects the idea of the work comes not necessarily from the internal recasting of each of these disciplines, but rather from their encounter in relation to an object which traditionally is the province of none of them. It is indeed as though the interdisciplinarity which is today held up as a prime value in research cannot be accomplished by the simple confrontation of specialist branches of knowledge. Interdisciplinarity is not the calm of an easy security; it begins effectively (as opposed to the mere expression of a pious wish) when the solidarity of the old disciplines breaks down-perhaps even violently, via the jolts of fashion-in the interests of a new object and a new language neither of which has a place in the field of the sciences that were to be brought peacefully together, this unease in classification being precisely the point from which it is possible to diagnose a certain mutation. The mutation in which the idea of the work seems to be gripped must not, however, be overestimated: it is more in the nature of an epistemological slide than of a real break. The break, as is frequently stressed, is seen to have taken place in the last century with the appearance of Marxism and Freudianism; since then there has been no further break, so that in a way it can be said that for the last hundred years we have been living in repetition. What History, our History, allows us today is merely to slide, to vary, to exceed, to repudiate. Just as Einsteinian science demands that the relativity of the frames of reference be included in the object studied, so the combined action of Marxism, Freudianism and structuralism demands, in literature, the relativization of the relations of writer, reader and observer (critic). Over against the traditional notion of the work, for long-and still-conceived of in a, so to speak, …

We Have Never Been Modern

Abstract: What makes us modern? This is a classic question in philosophy as well as in political science. However it is often raised without including science and technology in its definition. The argument of this book is that we are modern as long as we split our political process in two - between politics proper, and science and technology. This division allows the formidable expansion of the Western empires. However it has become more and more difficult to maintain this distance between science and politics. Hence the postmodern predicament - the feeling that the modern stance is no longer acceptable but that there is no alternative. The solution, advances one of France's leading sociologists of science, is to realize that we have never been modern to begin with. The comparative anthropology this text provides reintroduces science to the fabric of daily life and aims to make us compatible both with our past and with other cultures wrongly called pre-modern.

Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method

Abstract: Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method is a systematic introduction to discourse analysis as a body of theories and methods for social research. It brings together three central approaches, Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory, critical discourse analysis and discursive psychology, in order to establish a dialogue between different forms of discourse analysis often kept apart by disciplinary boundaries. The book introduces the three approaches in a clear and easily comprehensible manner, explaining the distinctive philosophical premises and theoretical perspectives of each approach as well as the methodological guidelines and tools they provide for empirical discourse analysis. The authors also demonstrate the possibilities for combining different discourse analytical and non-discourse analytical approaches in empirical study. Finally, they contextualize discourse analysis within the social constructionist debate about critical social research, rejecting the view that a critical stance is incompatible with social constructionist premises and arguing that critique must be an inherent part of social research.