世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

The State of Food and Agriculture

In this paper, we examined the level of technology and how investment in agricultural
science and technology can improve technical know-how in Nigeria with a view to achieving food
security. Growth in agricultural science and technology is deemed essential for increasing agricultural
output; reduce the vulnerability of rural poverty and in turn, food security. Food security and
growth in agricultural output depend on technological usages, which enhances the productive capacity
of the agricultural sector. The indicators of food security utilized in this study include: dietary
energy supply, average value of food production, prevalence of food inadequacy, among others.
The results from econometric analysis based on Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)
showed, inter alia, that in Nigeria, there is a high level of food insecurity as a result of low attention
on food production occasioned by the pervasive influence of oil that is the major export product.
Hence, a policy to turn around the trend is recommended in this study.

/pdf/food-security-institutional-framework-and-technology-qo72zeqwlg.pdf

Food Security, Institutional Framework and Technology: Examining the Nexus in Nigeria Using ARDL Approach.

The study explores the linkage between the investment in information and telecommunication technology (ICT) and human capital development on economic transformation in Economic Communities of West African States (ECOWAS). It further examines how investment in ICT and human capital development can transform the economies of ECOWAS members. This study engaged the generalised method of moments (GMM) in achieving its objective. The findings, among others, showed that investment in ICT did not have a statistically significant relationship with human development. Factors responsible for the non-significant impact of investment in telecommunications on human development could be attributed to the relatively low investment in telecommunications accompanied with high cost of acquisition of the technology in ECOWAS and harsh policy environment. Thus, policies such as the enforcement of good institutions, stabilisation of the political and economic variables in ECOWAS economies will encourage investment in telecommunications, which will enhance ICT adoption and human development.

ICT investments, human capital development and institutions in ECOWAS

\n \n The problem of poverty eradication has been limited to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, which accounts for more than 40% of the world's poor population. The majority of these people are rural farmers who depend solely on agriculture for livelihood. Agriculture in West Africa remains the largest means of employment in which more than 60% of the sub-region’s active labour force is involved.\n \n \n \n This study examined the potentials of agriculture to generate employment for the people, thereby reducing the level of poverty in West Africa.\n \n \n \n The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) econometric technique was employed in this study for the panel data covering the period of 17 years (2000 to 2016).\n \n \n \n Results from the study showed that agriculture provides the opportunity for the poor to increase their earnings to escape the poverty trap, whether the poor can seize these agricultural opportunities depends on their human capital development.\n \n \n \n The study, therefore, concluded that effective policies (e.g. social protection) should be formulated in the agricultural development plans that will prioritize sustainable land and water management, access to markets, and the food security. To achieve this, the use of modern methods should be encouraged through farm incentives to boost agricultural production and increase farmer’s income which is earned through the sale of agricultural commodities, and thus; in the long run, increase the revenue accruing to the government and reduce the rate of poverty.\n

/pdf/agriculture-development-employment-generation-and-poverty-gnoborb0dw.pdf

Agriculture Development, Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction in West Africa

This study examined the importance of indigenous institutional arrangements in rice production and processing activities in Ogun State, Nigeria through the use of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Analyses from the study showed that agricultural financing constitutes the greatest challenge that affects rice production and processing. Other findings from the discourse revealed that in some rice producing areas where there is the existence of rice farmers’ clusters; there is access to modern rice processing machines such as winnowers, threshers and destoners. The operations of Rice Growers Association of Nigerian-RGAN in Ogun State are coordinated by the executive committee, which constitute the indigenous institutional arrangement. This study recommends that sincere and concerted efforts on the part of the government in implementing the goals of Agricultural Transformation Agenda be made to engender the welfare of rice farmers through the development of the rice value chain. The need for actively involving the rice farmers through the RGAN is also germane. The opportunities identified in the study include: the having ‘pool of land’ RGAN that enables the rice farmers to form clusters and increase production; creating platform through which the rice growers could leverage upon to facilitate access to inputs and technical support; gaining of visibility and market access to enhance returns on their farming endeavours.

Rice Production and Processing in Ogun State, Nigeria:Qualitative Insights from Farmers’ Association

Background: Agricultural production is low in Nigeria as a result of low utilisation of farm inputs facilitated by farmers’ inability to save and invest. Therefore, credit is needed by farmers to enhance their productive capacity and efficiency in agriculture.Aim: Given the importance of credit to farmers, this study examined the nexus between households’ access to credit and agricultural production in Nigeria.Setting: The study made use of data from the Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) consisting of 4210 households across the 36 states in Nigeria, as well as the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.Methods: The study employs the propensity score matching (PSM) technique.Results: The main result from the study suggests that households who had access to agricultural credit facilities had yields that are thrice those of their counterparts who did not benefit from such facilities. In the event of a shock, the farmers who did not have a source of credit are often forced to adopt measures such as lowering consumption and selling assets, which in the long run worsen their poverty levels.Conclusion: The study recommends that policymakers should address underlying factors that prevent access to credit for agricultural production, which is capable of raising the productive capacities of farmers.

/pdf/household-access-to-agricultural-credit-and-agricultural-53lmkmpscf.pdf

Romanus Osabohien

Papers

Food Security, Institutional Framework and Technology: Examining the Nexus in Nigeria Using ARDL Approach.

ICT investments, human capital development and institutions in ECOWAS

Agriculture Development, Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction in West Africa

Rice Production and Processing in Ogun State, Nigeria:Qualitative Insights from Farmers’ Association

Household access to agricultural credit and agricultural production in Nigeria: A propensity score matching model