Roopashree M. Basavaraju

Bio: Roopashree M. Basavaraju is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Astrophysics. The author has contributed to research in topics: Deformable mirror & Wavefront. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 10 citations.

Myopic aberrations: Simulation based comparison of curvature and Hartmann Shack wavefront sensors

Abstract: In comparison with a Hartmann Shack wavefront sensor, the curvature wavefront sensor is known for its higher sensitivity and greater dynamic range. The aim of this study is to numerically investigate the merits of using a curvature wavefront sensor, in comparison with a Hartmann Shack (HS) wavefront sensor, to analyze aberrations of the myopic eye. Aberrations were statistically generated using Zernike coefficient data of 41 myopic subjects obtained from the literature. The curvature sensor is relatively simple to implement, and the processing of extra- and intra-focal images was linearly resolved using the Radon transform to provide Zernike modes corresponding to statistically generated aberrations. Simulations of the HS wavefront sensor involve the evaluation of the focal spot pattern from simulated aberrations. Optical wavefronts were reconstructed using the slope geometry of Southwell. Monte Carlo simulation was used to find critical parameters for accurate wavefront sensing and to investigate the performance of HS and curvature sensors. The performance of the HS sensor is highly dependent on the number of subapertures and the curvature sensor is largely dependent on the number of Zernike modes used to represent the aberration and the effective propagation distance. It is shown that in order to achieve high wavefront sensing accuracy while measuring aberrations of the myopic eye, a simpler and cost effective curvature wavefront sensor is a reliable alternative to a high resolution HS wavefront sensor with a large number of subapertures.

Temporal multiplexing to simulate multifocal intraocular lenses: theoretical considerations

Abstract: Fast tunable lenses allow an effective design of a portable simultaneous vision simulator (SimVis) of multifocal corrections. A novel method of evaluating the temporal profile of a tunable lens in simulating different multifocal intraocular lenses (M-IOLs) is presented. The proposed method involves the characteristic fitting of the through-focus (TF) optical quality of the multifocal component of a given M-IOL to a linear combination of TF optical quality of monofocal lenses viable with a tunable lens. Three different types of M-IOL designs are tested, namely: segmented refractive, diffractive and refractive extended depth of focus. The metric used for the optical evaluation of the temporal profile is the visual Strehl (VS) ratio. It is shown that the time profiles generated with the VS ratio as a metric in SimVis resulted in TF VS ratio and TF simulated images that closely matched the TF VS ratio and TF simulated images predicted with the M-IOL. The effects of temporal sampling, varying pupil size, monochromatic aberrations, longitudinal chromatic aberrations and temporal dynamics on SimVis are discussed.

Phase imaging using spiral-phase diversity

Abstract: We demonstrate that the two-dimensional quadrature transform property of a spiral-phase filter may be utilized for addressing the noninterferometric iterative phase imaging problem. Two intensity measurements for an unknown input object are performed in the back focal (Fourier transform) plane of a lens with and without a spiral-phase mask in the lens aperture. It is shown that the two intensity measurements along with the aperture support constraint can be used for estimating the phase of an unknown input object with an iterative algorithm. Numerical simulations are presented for comparison of the new spiral-phase diversity technique and the more standard defocus-diversity method. Experimental results for the spiral-phase diversity are also shown to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach for imaging of amplitude/phase objects.

Digital phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer.

Abstract: A digital phase-shifting (PS) point diffraction interferometer is demonstrated with a transmitting liquid crystal spatial light modulator. This novel wavefront sensor allows tunability in the choice of pinhole size and eliminates the need for mechanically moving parts to achieve PS. It is shown that this wavefront sensor is capable of sensing Zernike aberrations introduced with a deformable mirror. The results obtained are compared with those of a commercial Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor.

Multi-faceted digital pyramid wavefront sensor

Abstract: The modulated pyramid wavefront sensor is known for its high sensitivity and adjustable dynamic range. The need for mechanically moving parts in a modulated pyramid wavefront sensor can be overcome by using the recently proposed digital pyramid wavefront sensor. In this paper, a digital multi-faceted pyramid wavefront sensor is demonstrated with the use of a reflecting phase-only spatial light modulator. The four-pupil digital pyramid wavefront sensor with 4-facets is extended to 6 and 8-facets. It is noted from the experiments performed under identical low-noise conditions that the performance of the wavefront sensor in terms of the root mean square wavefront error remains nearly the same in cases of four, six and eight pupil configurations. Under the circumstances elucidated here, the results of simulations indicate that in the presence of scatter noise, the pyramid wavefront sensor with greater number of pupils could lead to an improvement over the standard four-pupil pyramid wavefront sensor. Noise from scattering makes the choice of optimal modulation radius critical while sensing in open-loop adaptive optics systems.

Optical test-benches for multiple source wavefront propagation and spatiotemporal point-spread function emulation.

Abstract: Precise measurement of aberrations within an optical system is essential to mitigate combined effects of user-generated aberrations for the study of anisoplanatic imaging using optical test benches. The optical system point spread function (PSF) is first defined, and methods to minimize the effects of the optical system are discussed. User-derived aberrations, in the form of low-order Zernike ensembles, are introduced using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM), and dynamic phase maps are used to study the spatiotemporal PSF. A versatile optical test bench is described, where the Shack Hartmann and curvature wavefront sensors are used to emulate the effects of wavefront propagation over time from two independent sources.