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Showing papers by "Roy F. Baumeister published in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tests for curvilinearity failed to indicate any drawbacks of so-called overcontrol, and the positive effects remained after controlling for social desirability, so low self-control is a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.
Abstract: What good is self-control? We incorporated a new measure of individual differences in self-control into two large investigations of a broad spectrum of behaviors. The new scale showed good internal consistency and retest reliability. Higher scores on self-control correlated with a higher grade point average, better adjustment (fewer reports of psychopathology, higher self-esteem), less binge eating and alcohol abuse, better relationships and interpersonal skills, secure attachment, and more optimal emotional responses. Tests for curvilinearity failed to indicate any drawbacks of so-called overcontrol, and the positive effects remained after controlling for social desirability. Low self-control is thus a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.

4,985 citations


Book
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, Carver, Carver et al. discuss the role of self-regulation in the development of human emotion regulation, and present a model for self-regulation in the human brain.
Abstract: Part 1. Basic Regulatory Processes. C. S. Carver, M. F. Scheier, Self-Regulation of Action and Affect. S. L. Koole, L. F. van Dillen, G. Sheppes, The Self-Regulation of Emotion. D. D. Wagner, T. F. Heatherton, Giving In to Temptation: The Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience of Self-Regulatory Failure. I. M. Bauer, R. F. Baumeister, Self-Regulatory Strength. W. Mischel, O. Ayduk, Willpower in a Cognitive Affective Processing System: The Dynamics of Delay of Gratification. A. J. Rothman, A. S. Baldwin, A. W. Hertel, P. Fuglestad, Self-Regulation and Behavior Change: Disentangling Behavioral Initiation and Behavioral Maintenance. Part 2. Cognitive, Physiological, and Neurological Dimensions of Self-Regulation. E. K. Papies, H. Aarts, Nonconscious Self-Regulation, or the Automatic Pilot of Human Behavior. A. A. Scholer, E. T. Higgins, Promotion and Prevention Systems: Regulatory Focus Dynamics within Self-Regulatory Hierarchies. P. M. Gollwitzer, G. Oettingen, Planning Promotes Goal Striving. K. McRae, K. N. Ochsner, J. J. Gross, The Reason in Passion: A Social Cognitive Neuroscience Approach to Emotion Regulation. W. Hofmann, M. Friese, B. J. Schmeichel, A. D. Baddeley, Working Memory and Self-Regulation. A. Ledgerwood, Y. Trope, Local and Global Evaluations: Attitudes as Self-Regulatory Guides for Near and Distant Responding. A. Fishbach, B. A. Converse, Identifying and Battling Temptation. Part 3. Development of Self-Regulation. N. Eisenberg, C. L. Smith, T. L. Spinrad, Effortful Control: Relations with Emotion Regulation, Adjustment, and Socialization in Childhood. M. R. Rueda, M. I. Posner, M. K. Rothbart, Attentional Control and Self-Regulation. C. Blair, A. Ursache, A Bidirectional Model of Executive Functions and Self-Regulation. W. von Hippel, J. D. Henry, Aging and Self-Regulation. Part 4. Social Dimension of Self-Regulation. M. R. Leary, J. Guadagno, The Sociometer, Self-Esteem, and the Regulation of Interpersonal Behavior. S. D. Calkins, E. M. Leerkes, Early Attachment Processes and the Development of Emotional Self-Regulation. C. D. Rawn, K. D. Vohs, When People Strive for Self-Harming Goals: Sacrificing Personal Health for Interpersonal Success. E. J. Finkel, G. M. Fitzsimons, The Effects of Social Relationships on Self-Regulation. G. M. Fitzsimons, E. J. Finkel, The Effects of Self-Regulation on Social Relationships. M. E. McCullough, E. C. Carter, Waiting, Tolerating, and Cooperating: Did Religion Evolve to Prop Up Humans' Self-Control Abilities? Part 5. Personality and Self-Regulation. M. K. Rothbart, L. K. Ellis, M. I. Posner, Temperament and Self-Regulation. D. Cervone, N. Mor, H. Orom, W. G. Shadel, W. D. Scott, Self-Efficacy Beliefs and the Architecture of Personality: On Knowledge, Appraisal, and Self-Regulation. C. G. DeYoung, Impulsivity as a Personality Trait. Part 6. Common Problems with Self-Regulation. M. A. Sayette, K. M. Griffin, Self-Regulatory Failure and Addiction. C. P. Herman, J. Polivy, The Self-Regulation of Eating: Theoretical and Practical Problems. R. J. Faber, K. D. Vohs, Self-Regulation and Spending: Evidence from Impulsive and Compulsive Buying. R. A. Barkley, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Self-Regulation, and Executive Functioning.

1,726 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that narcissistic entitlement is a robust, distinct predictor of unforgiveness, as demonstrated in 6 studies.
Abstract: Narcissistic entitlement impedes forgiveness in ways not captured by other robust predictors (e.g., offense severity, apology, relationship closeness, religiosity, Big Five personality factors), as demonstrated in 6 studies. Narcissistic entitlement involves expectations of special treatment and preoccupation with defending one's rights. In Study 1, entitlement predicted less forgiveness and greater insistence on repayment for a past offense. Complementary results emerged from Study 2, which used hypothetical transgressions, and Study 3, which assessed broad forgiveness dispositions. Study 4 examined associations with the Big Five, and Study 5 extended the findings to a laboratory context. Study 6 demonstrated that entitlement predicted diminished increases in forgiveness over time. Taken together, these results suggest that narcissistic entitlement is a robust, distinct predictor of unforgiveness.

427 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors propose that gossip is an extension of observational learning, allowing one to learn from the triumphs and misadventures of people beyond one's immediate perceptual sphere, which helps to explain some empirical findings about gossip.
Abstract: To complement views of gossip as essentially a means of gaining information about individuals, cementing social bonds, and engaging in indirect aggression, the authors propose that gossip serves to help people learn about how to live in their cultural society. Gossip anecdotes communicate rules in narrative form, such as by describing how someone else came to grief by violating social norms. Gossip is thus an extension of observational learning, allowing one to learn from the triumphs and misadventures of people beyond one's immediate perceptual sphere. This perspective helps to explain some empirical findings about gossip, such as that gossip is not always derogatory and that people sometimes gossip about strangers.

409 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Research findings show gender asymmetries in prostitution, courtship, infidelity and divorce, female competition, the sexual revolution and changing norms, unequal status between partners, cultural suppression of female sexulity, abusive relationships, rape, and sexual attitudes.
Abstract: A heterosexual community can be analyzed as a marketplace in which men seek to acquire sex from women by offering other resources in exchange Societies will therefore define gender roles as if women are sellers and men buyers of sex Societies will endow female sexuality, but not male sexuality, with value (as in virginity, fidelity, chastity) The sexual activities of different couples are loosely interrelated by a marketplace, instead of being fully separate or private, and each couple's decisions may be influenced by market conditions Economic principles suggest that the price of sex will depend on supply and demand, competition among sellers, variations in product, collusion among sellers, and other factors Research findings show gender asymmetries (reflecting the complementary economic roles) in prostitution, courtship, infidelity and divorce, female competition, the sexual revolution and changing norms, unequal status between partners, cultural suppression of female sexuality, abusive relationships, rape, and sexual attitudes

391 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Sexual Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s produced sweeping, far-reaching, fundamental changes in sexual behaviours, sexual desires, and sexual attitudes as mentioned in this paper. But did it?
Abstract: The Sexual Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s produced sweeping, far-reaching, fundamental changes in sexual behaviours, sexual desires, and sexual attitudes. Or did it? On closer inspection, many r...

79 citations


Book ChapterDOI
02 Jun 2004
TL;DR: A lmost everyone has had the experience of feeling socially excluded: being alone on a Saturday night and feeling lonely; being rejected by peers, perhaps by means of cruel teasing; experiencing a divorce or the breakup of a romantic relationship; or having a friend cancel a social occasion because she found something more interesting to do as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A lmost everyone has had the experience of feeling socially excluded:being alone on a Saturday night and feeling lonely; being rejected bypeers, perhaps by means of cruel teasing; experiencing a divorce or the breakup of a romantic relationship; or having a friend cancel a social occasion because she found something more interesting to do. Because being with people is such a fundamental human need (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), these experiences can have a strong impact.

69 citations