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Russell Brewer

Bio: Russell Brewer is an academic researcher from University of Chicago. The author has contributed to research in topics: Men who have sex with men & Population. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 68 publications receiving 965 citations. Previous affiliations of Russell Brewer include Flinders University & Australian National University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the literature on structural barriers to HIV testing and prevention services among Black men who have sex with men across four domains found that BMSM experience inadequate access to culturally competent services, stigma and discrimination that impede access to services, a deficiency of services in correctional institutions, and limited services in areas where B MSM live.
Abstract: Structural-level factors have contributed to the substantial disproportionate rates of HIV among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States. Despite insufficient HIV testing patterns, however, there is a void in research investigating the relationship between structural factors and access to HIV testing and prevention services among BMSM. Building on previous scholarly work and incorporating a dynamic social systems conceptual framework, we conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on structural barriers to HIV testing and prevention services among BMSM across four domains: healthcare, stigma and discrimination, incarceration, and poverty. We found that BMSM experience inadequate access to culturally competent services, stigma and discrimination that impede access to services, a deficiency of services in correctional institutions, and limited services in areas where BMSM live. Structural interventions that eliminate barriers to HIV testing and prevention services and provide BMSM with core skills to navigate complex systems are needed.

228 citations

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TL;DR: It is found that increasing age, transgender identity, heterosexual or straight identity, history of childhood violence, and childhood sexual experience were significantly associated with incarceration history.
Abstract: Objectives. We examined lifetime incarceration history and its association with key characteristics among 1553 Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) recruited in 6 US cities.Methods. We conducted bivariate analyses of data collected from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 study from July 2009 through December 2011 to examine the relationship between incarceration history and demographic and psychosocial variables predating incarceration and multivariate logistic regression analyses to explore the associations between incarceration history and demographic and psychosocial variables found to be significant. We then used multivariate logistic regression models to explore the independent association between incarceration history and 6 outcome variables.Results. After adjusting for confounders, we found that increasing age, transgender identity, heterosexual or straight identity, history of childhood violence, and childhood sexual experience were significantly associated with incarceration history. A histo...

79 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, one-dimensional transient analyses of the heatshield ablation, pyrolysis, and heat conduction were performed at the thermometer locations at the Galileo probe deceleration module.
Abstract: The Galileo Probe deceleration module contained instrumentation to measure heatshield ablation and temperatures during its hypersonic entry into the atmosphere of Jupiter. The ablation data reduction and analysis were reported previously; therefore, only a brief review is provided. One-dimensional transient analyses of the heatshield ablation, pyrolysis, and heat conduction were performed at the thermometer locations. These calculations were coupled with an axisymmetric heat conduction model to predict the thermometer temperature response. Near the end of the frustum, the temperature and recession data are very consistent. The measured recession is 3.63 § 0.15 cm, and the estimated peak heat  ux and heat load are 13.4 § 0.5 kW/cm2 and 161 § 6 kJ/cm2, respectively. At the aft cover, the material response analyses do not match the low magnitude and slope of the temperature data, which seem to indicate that heat conduction into the heatshield was lower than expected.

73 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the challenges posed by the Internet and its penetration in everyday life and its relevance to many crime types, not just cyber-criminals, and present a solution to these challenges.
Abstract: Despite growing interest in cybercrime, the Internet still poses significant challenges for criminological understanding. Its penetration of everyday life is relevant to many crime types, not just ...

65 citations

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TL;DR: The very high level of new incarcerations highlights the importance of structural-level interventions to prevent incarceration among economically disenfranchised black men who have sex with men in the United States.
Abstract: This study examined the predictors of new incarceration and their association with HIV infection among 1278 black men who have sex with men enrolled and followed up in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 study. HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 was conducted to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a multicomponent intervention to reduce HIV infection among BMSM in 6 US cities. In this study, multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the association between incarceration during study follow-up and several demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial variables at baseline found to be significant in bivariate analyses. In addition, Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore the association between incarceration during study follow-up and incident HIV infection. Among the 1278 BMSM with follow-up data, 305 (24%) reported a new incarceration within 1 year of entering the study with an estimated incarceration incidence of 35% (95% confidence interval: 31% to 38%). After adjusting for confounders, lower education, lower annual income, previous incarceration frequency, and higher levels of perceived racism were significantly associated with new incarcerations during study follow-up. There was no observed association between incarceration during study follow-up and incident HIV infection. The very high level of new incarcerations highlights the importance of structural-level interventions to prevent incarceration among economically disenfranchised black men who have sex with men in the United States.

55 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: GARLAND, 2001, p. 2, the authors argues that a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças, and problemas de controle social that deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das
Abstract: Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

2,183 citations

01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, Meyrowitz shows how changes in media have created new social situations that are no longer shaped by where we are or who is "with" us, making it impossible for us to behave with each other in traditional ways.
Abstract: How have changes in media affected our everyday experience, behavior, and sense of identity? Such questions have generated endless arguments and speculations, but no thinker has addressed the issue with such force and originality as Joshua Meyrowitz in No Sense of Place. Advancing a daring and sophisticated theory, Meyrowitz shows how television and other electronic media have created new social situations that are no longer shaped by where we are or who is "with" us. While other media experts have limited the debate to message content, Meyrowitz focuses on the ways in which changes in media rearrange "who knows what about whom" and "who knows what compared to whom," making it impossible for us to behave with each other in traditional ways. No Sense of Place explains how the electronic landscape has encouraged the development of: -More adultlike children and more childlike adults; -More career-oriented women and more family-oriented men; and -Leaders who try to act more like the "person next door" and real neighbors who want to have a greater say in local, national, and international affairs. The dramatic changes fostered by electronic media, notes Meyrowitz, are neither entirely good nor entirely bad. In some ways, we are returning to older, pre-literate forms of social behavior, becoming "hunters and gatherers of an information age." In other ways, we are rushing forward into a new social world. New media have helped to liberate many people from restrictive, place-defined roles, but the resulting heightened expectations have also led to new social tensions and frustrations. Once taken-for-granted behaviors are now subject to constant debate and negotiation. The book richly explicates the quadruple pun in its title: Changes in media transform how we sense information and how we make sense of our physical and social places in the world.

1,361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of bacteriocins in the food industry can help to reduce the addition of chemical preservatives as well as the intensity of heat treatments, resulting in foods which are more naturally preserved and richer in organoleptic and nutritional properties.

1,087 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Meyrowitz et al. as discussed by the authors, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on social behavior on the social behavior of the users on the basis of a book review.
Abstract: no sense of place the impact of electronic media on social, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place by joshua meyrowitz ebook ebooks com, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on social, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, download no sense of place the impact of electronic media, p d f books no sense of place the impact of electronic, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, a book review no sense of place marco yu, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place by joshua meyrowitz ebook ebooks com, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place bookshare, a book review no sense of place marco yu, no sense of place joshua meyrowitz oxford university press, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on social, no sense of place the electronic media on social behavior, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, no sense of place the impact of electronic media on, download no sense of place the impact of electronic

643 citations