S. Banerjee

Bio: S. Banerjee is an academic researcher from Bose Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Callus & Nigella. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 22 citations.

Morphogenesis in Tissue Cultures of Different Organs of Nigella sativa

Abstract: Calli were isolated from root, stem and leaf segments of Nigella sativa (Fam Ranunculaceae) on White's medium containing napthaleneacetic acid and coconut milk From all the three types of calli, roots were differentiated Shoot development occurred in stem and leaf calli only after the omission of first coconut milk and then of auxin from the basal medium and also in IAA (20 mg/ml) and coconut milk (15 % v/v) in the medium Frequency of organ formation and the maintenance of this capacity depend upon the nature as well as the age of the callus tissue

Embryoid and Plantlet Formation from Stock Cultures of Nigella Tissues

Abstract: Embryogenesis could be induced within a short period in differentiated roots of Nigella sativa on solid Murashige and Skoog's medium containing casein hydrolysate (500 mg/1) and IAA (0.5 mg/1). Experimental root explants were taken from two different stocks: (i) previously differentiated from leaf callus and now being maintained through subcultures in liquid White's medium and (ii) freshly differentiated from leaf callus on solid Murashige and Skoog's medium + casein hydrolysate (100 mg/1) + IAA (0.5 mg/1). Fifty per cent of the embryoids produced 2n plantlets within 40–60 days.

Patterns of organ development in plant tissue culture and the problem of organ determination

Abstract: There is a need in plant development for greater understanding of the early determinative events in organ developmentin vitro. Two interest groups, one practically oriented and the other theoretically, are served by techniques for initiating new organsin vitro. A survey of morphogenic systems in use shows that there are a variety of routes leading to organ production. In general, a common pattern is for an intermediate callus to precede organogenesis. Because they did not involve this undesirable feature, two organogenic systems were considered in detail. One promising technique involves the use of cell layers as inocula. From these, rapid vigorous organogenesis occurs in a defined time period. Up to four different developmental sequences can be elicited from one tissue, by hormone manipulation. Biochemical events in determination in this system remain to be clarified. In another system, organ development from whole cultured meristems ofOpuntia could be chanelled into spine leaf or root development. Careful analytical study suggested that organ determination was specified directly in the meristem. The continued use of these techniques is encouraged, especially the further development of cell layer, meristem, and primordial organ methods in relation to questions of determination. Some anticipated difficulties were briefly discussed.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Seeds and Callus of Nigella sativa L. Extracts on Mix Glial Cells with Regard to Their Thymoquinone Content

Abstract: Anti-inflammatory effect of the alcoholic extracts of N. sativa seeds and its callus on mix glial cells of rat with regard to their thymoquinone (TQ) content was investigated. Callus induction was achieved for explants of young leaf, stem, petiole, and root of N. sativa on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D (1 mg/l) and kinetin (2.15 mg/l). TQ content of the alcoholic extracts was measured by HPLC. Total phenols were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant power was estimated using FRAP tests. The mix glial cells, inflamed by lipopolysaccharide, were subjected to anti-inflammatory studies in the presence of various amounts of TQ and the alcoholic extracts. Viability of the cells and nitric oxide production were measured by MTT and Griess reagent, respectively. The leaf callus obtained the highest growth rate (115.4 mg/day) on MS medium containing 2,4-D (0.22 mg/l) and kinetin (2.15 mg/l). Analyses confirmed that TQ content of the callus of leaf was 12 times higher than that measured in the seeds extract. However, it decreased as the calli aged. Decrease in the TQ content of the callus was accompanied with an increase in its phenolic content and antioxidant ability. Studies on the inflamed rat mix glial cells revealed significant reduction in the nitric oxide production in the presence of 0.2 to 1.6 mg/ml of callus extract and 1.25 to 20 μl/ml of the seed extracts. However, the extent of the effects is modified assumingly due to the presence of the other existing substances in the extracts.

Plant Tissue Cultures in Genetics and Plant Breeding

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several specific areas of plant tissue cultures, such as(1) rapid clonal propagation, (2) production of androgenetic (anther- or pollen-derived) haploid tissues and plants, and (3) culture and fusion of protoplasts and their use in attempts at genetic modification. Haploid callus tissues are mitotically unstable. By the use of suitable concentrations of p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) in tissue cultures of tobacco, it is possible to maintain stable cultures of haploid cells and to select preferentially haploid cells from the mixed populations of cells of varying ploidy. Much of the work on germ plasm preservation involves the long-term storage of, for example, seeds and pollen grains. The plant tissue cultures also offer a useful method for the long-term storage of plant genetic resources, especially in those species where seeds cannot be easily obtained or stored for long periods of time, and particularly, in cultivars where vegetative propagation is essential for the maintenance of genetic stability. Two procedures developed for the long-term storage of plant tissue cultures are the storage and culture of excised shoot meristems and the freeze preservation of callus or suspension cultures.

Morphogenesis and Embryogenesis in Long-term Cultures of Digitalis

Abstract: Summary Long-term cultures were established from hypocotyl of nine Digitalis species as well as from various expiants of seedlings and adult plants of Digitalis lanata . The morphogenetic capacity of a total of 21 cell cultures was tested under selected hormonal conditions. Three types of strains could be distinguished: (1) strains exhibiting somatic embryogenesis, (2) strains capable of shoot and root formation and (3) strains with only root regeneration. In agreement with experimental experience in other plant systems the morphogenetic capacity of a given Digitalis cell culture is thoroughly dependent on genetic factors, on the plant tissue used as primary expiant and on hormonal conditions in the induction medium. Embryogenic strains were obtained from hypocotyl of D. lutea and from D. lanata filaments, if cell cultures were initiated on media with 2,4-D (1–5 mgl -1 ) and kinetin (0.02–3 mgl -1 ). Most of the embryogenic strains grew rapidly on 2,4-D-containing media retaining their morphogenetic capacity undiminished over more than three years. About 20 embryogenic strains were investigated with respect to their morphogenetic response under different hormonal conditions. The possible application of embryogenic Digitalis cell cultures for clonal propagation of high quality inbred lines and for induced synthesis of cardenolides is discussed.