《小说文体分析》(Style in Fiction)是运用现代语言学的最新成果,对文学作品进行系统的文体分析的一部精采的教科书。随着语言学的日益发展,人们越来越多地把现代语言学的研究成果运用到文体学分析中来。1969年,利奇(Geoffrey N.Leech)发表了《英语诗歌语言分析入门》(A Linguistic Guideto English Poetry),用现代语言学的观点对

Style in Fiction:A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose

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Working with discourse: meaning beyond the clause

The paper focuses on Anna Karenina, the famous masterpiece by Leo Tolstoy, and its latest screen versions. The fruitful collaboration, accomplished by two remarkable figures of contemporary British culture – the director Joe Wright and the playwright Tom Stoppard as a scriptwriter – was released in 2012. Since screen adaptation of classics, as well as any kind of remake, is undoubtedly challenging but nevertheless intriguing for both creators and viewers, it seems to be an exciting topic for research. The situation when a piece of great literature is transposed into a different medium, such as a film, commonly gives rise to fierce debates, which, in turn, becomes thought-provoking. What is more, the fact of making the film by the British crew basing on the Russian literary chef-d'oeuvre allows assuming the dialogue of cultures is implied in the considered work of cinematographic art. Thus, these aspects of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina and its interpretation and reception are highlighted in the study undertaken. Furthermore, the study intends to analyse and investigate this masterpiece's literary and morphological aspects from a unique perspective.

https://rals.scu.ac.ir/article_16276_7958d4bfa3385e2560744b2ecff64139.pdf

Literary Analysis of 'Anna Karenina' on British Screen

It is noticed that some English translations of Chinese public notices are “unfailthful” especially in terms of the linguistic expressions. This article attempts to investigate those English translations and compare them with the source texts via the Appraisal theory. 
The research questions are as follows: 
1) What is the source text producer’s appraisal? 
2) What is the translator’s appraisal? And how is the translator’s appraisal reflected in the target texts? 
3) What are the differences between the source text producer’s appraisal and the translator’s appraisal? 
4) What are the possible reasons for the translator to choose his/her appraisal and produce “unfaithful” translations? 
In order to answer these questions, five Chinese public notices and their English translations which were mainly collected in Hong Kong and Macao are investigated in the present study. The source and target texts are analyzed with the Appraisal theory and then compared to find out their respective appraisal. The findings show that for both Attitude and Engagement parts, the appraisal between source texts and target texts is rather different. Some possible motivations are then explored. It is believed that socio-cultural environment is one of the most important factors influencing translators’ decision making in translating public notices. Besides, text types and linguistic conventions also contribute to the “unfaithful” phenomenon.

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Investigating 'Unfaithful' Translations Via the Appraisal Theory: A Case Study of Public Notices

At the present stage of translation studies development as a scientific area, researchers are increasingly attracted to linguistic issues related to examining similarities and differences of the national and cultural code between comparable languages and ethnic groups rich in the material in order to determine translation patterns and generalization standards. Studying translation matter in question both from linguistic and cultural aspects is based on understanding the essence and nature of translation as an operation performed in two languages and cultures. Consequently, examining linguistic elements making up the language national and cultural specificity is one of the core tasks of modern translation studies in the academic area. The article discusses the "culture-centred" approach in translation science based on the example of Kazakh phraseological units. Preliminary results and conclusions of the study presented herein showed that, under the "culture-centred" approach, translation is not "switching from one language code to another," since it consists in transferring a hidden metaphorical meaning from the "native" cultural environment to the environment of the perceiving culture.

https://rals.scu.ac.ir/article_16346_1c1fd843543fc7e0394bf6092c28fabc.pdf

Phraseological units in Kazakh and ways of their expression in Russian

Translation studies (TS), as a young (inter)discipline, has partly relied on metadiscussions, critical assessments of its literature, and compilation of bibliographies to deal with certain problems of its youth, such as polarity and fragmentation. While the current status of TS shows general maturity, there are still young areas of inquiry in the discipline that are faced with similar issues. The current study is an attempt to introduce and bring together an area of research in TS that draws on appraisal theory (AT; Martin & White, 2005) to functionally and systematically study the expression of feelings, emotions, viewpoints, and intersubjective positioning in translation. It is argued that this body of research has not received enough attention, partly due to its fragmentation and diversity. Several appraisal theory-informed studies of translations in different languages, genres, and mediums are introduced and reviewed, and certain points of similarity and differences are highlighted. More elaborate methodologies are given a closer look, and a general view of the findings in the literature is also provided. Finally, suggestions are made to address some limitations in the literature.

https://rals.scu.ac.ir/article_13089_183182444169d0a6051393be80418a56.pdf

S. Hossein Arjani

Papers

Appraisal Theory in Translation Studies: An Introduction and Review of Studies of Evaluation in Translation