S. Liaudy

Bio: S. Liaudy is an academic researcher from Centre national de la recherche scientifique. The author has contributed to research in topics: Discriminant validity & External validity. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 3 publications receiving 101 citations. Previous affiliations of S. Liaudy include Joseph Fourier University.

Reliability, validity, and health issues arising from questionnaires used to measure Psychosocial and Organizational Work Factors (POWFs) among hospital nurses: a critical review.

Abstract: This systematic review assesses the validity of epidemiological questionnaires used to measure psychosocial and organizational work factors (POWFs) in nurses Of the 632 articles published between 1980 and July 2008 identified in this review, 108 provide some data concerning analysis of the intrinsic characteristics of such instruments (content validity or conceptual basis, reliability, validation of internal construction) and their external validity with respect to health aspects (concurrent validity and predictive validity) Psychometric properties of generalist questionnaires validated among blue collar or white collar workers were also assessed in the nurse population The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), because of its longevity and reputation, was the generalist questionnaire most used among this population Although its structure often raises questions in the nurse population, its dimensions (mainly the control one) have been shown to be predictive of some health outcomes measured with "objective" indicators concerning absenteeism, injuries, and musculoskeletal disorders Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI), which has a structure more stable among the nurse population, has shown concurrent validity in terms of intent to leave the nursing profession No questionnaire specifically designed for nurses can claim to satisfy all of the recommendations in terms of internal validity Nevertheless, the Practice Environment Scale-Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) seems to be one of the most promising instruments because of its appropriateness (content validity), its structure, which has a rather good fit (construct validity), its ability to discriminate magnet hospitals like other NWI derivates (discriminant validity), and it has also been associated in cross-sectional studies with health outcomes, especially nurses' self-assessed mental health but also with patients' health outcomes objectively assessed (concurrent validity) However, elements for predictive validity are still lacking with NWI derivates The Discussion provides recommendations for measuring POWFs, encompassing the use of external validated measurements

Sino-nasal cancer and exposure to leather dust.

Abstract: Background In 1987, the International Agency for Research into Cancer classified shoemaking and cobbling as a definite human carcinogen. However, there are 10 times fewer articles published on Medline compared to wood dust which also induces sino-nasal cancer. Aim To improve the medical, technical and social management of this type of cancer in the shoe trades. Methods A literature review was conducted by two independent experts to identify articles describing epidemiological studies of this link (with no stipulated time frame). Results The search resulted in 14 studies, including one meta-analysis of case-control studies: four out of five of the case-control studies found an excess risk associated with exposure to leather dust. Of five cohort mortality studies, excess risk was found in all studies conducted in the shoe trades but not in the tanning industry. The four studies of the incidence of sino-nasal cancer confirm the excess risk in shoemaking. Discussion In the shoe trades, there is an excess risk of sino-nasal cancer, especially among those working in shining, finishing and shoe repair. Incidence levels among employees are estimated at 1-7/100,000 depending on the specific job. The risk fraction which can be attributed to this type of exposure for this cancer in France is estimated at 3%. In the light of these findings, all involved should be made aware of the link and motivated (as has already been done in the wood industries) to get this occupational disease recognized as such for the shoe trades.

Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index

Abstract: Five subscales were derived from the Nursing Work Index (NWI) to measure the hospital nursing practice environment, using 1985-1986 nurse data from 16 magnet hospitals. The NWI comprises organizational characteristics of the original magnet hospitals. The psychometric properties of the subscales and a composite measure were established. All measures were highly reliable at the nurse and hospital levels. Construct validity was supported by higher scores of nurses in magnet versus nonmagnet hospitals. Confirmatory analyses of contemporary data from 11,636 Pennsylvania nurses supported the subscales. The soundness of the new measures is supported by their theoretical and empirical foundations, conceptual integrity, psychometric strength, and generalizability. The measures could be used to study how the practice environment influences nurse and patient outcomes.

Effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with different nurse work environments.

Abstract: Context:Better hospital nurse staffing, more educated nurses, and improved nurse work environments have been shown to be associated with lower hospital mortality. Little is known about whether and under what conditions each type of investment works better to improve outcomes.Objective:To determine t

Effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with different nurse work environments.

Abstract: Context Better hospital nurse staffing, more educated nurses, and improved nurse work environments have been shown to be associated with lower hospital mortality. Little is known about whether and under what conditions each type of investment works better to improve outcomes. Objective To determine the conditions under which the impact of hospital nurse staffing, nurse education, and work environment are associated with patient outcomes. Design, setting, and participants Outcomes of 665 hospitals in 4 large states were studied through linked data from hospital discharge abstracts for 1,262,120 general, orthopedic, and vascular surgery patients, a random sample of 39,038 hospital staff nurses, and American Hospital Association data. Main outcome measures A 30-day inpatient mortality and failure-to-rescue. Results The effect of decreasing workloads by 1 patient/nurse on deaths and failure-to-rescue is virtually nil in hospitals with poor work environments, but decreases the odds on both deaths and failures in hospitals with average environments by 4%, and in hospitals with the best environments by 9% and 10%, respectively. The effect of 10% more Bachelors of Science in Nursing Degree nurses decreases the odds on both outcomes in all hospitals, regardless of their work environment, by roughly 4%. Conclusions Although the positive effect of increasing percentages of Bachelors of Science in Nursing Degree nurses is consistent across all hospitals, lowering the patient-to-nurse ratios markedly improves patient outcomes in hospitals with good work environments, slightly improves them in hospitals with average environments, and has no effect in hospitals with poor environments.

Global use of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index.

Abstract: b Background: Although the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index has been endorsed as a gauge of the quality of the nursing practice environment by several organizations in the United States promoting healthcare quality, there is no literature describing its use in different practice settings and countries. b Objective: The purpose of this study was to inform research by describing the modifications and use of the scale in a variety of practice settings and countries. b Methods: The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the PubMed databases were searched for the years 2002Y2010 to identify 37 research reports published since 2002 describing use, modification, and scoring variations in different practice settings and countries. b Results: The scale was modified for 10 practice settings in five countries and translated into three languages. Composite scores ranged from 2.48 to 3.17 (on a 1Y4 scale). The Staffing and Resource Adequacy subscale most often scored lowest. A new Nursing Information Technology subscale has been developed. New scoring methods to identify the favorability of practice environments are described. Over time, the nature of the research conducted using the measure has changed. Overall, most publications report significant associations between scale scores and multiple nurse, patient, and organizational outcomes. b Discussion: Scale use is growing across different clinical settings and countries. Recommendations for future research use include reducing scale length, using consistent scoring methods, considering the impact of various modifications on the basis of cultural and clinical setting nuances, and using the measure in longitudinal and intervention research designs.

Organizational determinants of work outcomes and quality care ratings among Army Medical Department registered nurses.

Abstract: The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and several single-item measures were administered to registered nurses (RNs) working within 23 U.S.-based Army Medical Department (AMEDD) hospitals. Data were analyzed with logistic regression for nested data. Unfavorable nursing practice environments had a substantial association with job dissatisfaction (OR 13.75, p < .01), emotional exhaustion (OR 12.70, p < .01), intent to leave (OR 3.03, p < .01), and fair to poor quality of care (OR 10.66, p < .01). This study provides the first system-wide analyses of nursing practice environments in AMEDD hospitals in the U.S. Similar to findings in civilian samples, poor quality work environments are associated with less favorable RN work outcomes and quality of care ratings.