A rapid growth in E-Commerce market is seen in recent time throughout the world. With ever increasing popularity of online shopping, Debit or Credit card fraud and personal information security are major concerns for customers, merchants and banks specifically in the case of CNP (Card Not Present). This paper presents a new approach for providing limited information only that is necessary for fund transfer during online shopping thereby safeguarding customer data and increasing customer confidence and preventing identity theft. The method uses combined application of steganography and visual cryptography for this purpose.

http://www.logicsystems.org.in/Base%20Papers/2014%20.Net/LSD1452%20-%20Online%20Payment%20System%20using%20Steganography%20and%20Visual%20Cryptography.pdf

Online payment system using steganography and visual cryptography

As a significant part of information security, Visual Cryptography VC is a secret sharing approach which has the advantage of effectively obscuring hints of original secret. In VC, a secret image is separated into partitions which are also known as VC shares. The secret is only able to be revealed by superimposing certain shares. Since Basic VC is in a structure which is similar to that of Braille where white and black dots are arranged in certain orders, it is feasible to utilize the feature of Braille for the authentication of VC. In this paper, the authors will conduct an experiment embedding Braille into grayscale and halftone images as well as VC shares. The result indicates that the embedding of Braille has little impact on VC secret revealing and enhances the security of VC shares.

Basic Visual Cryptography Using Braille

The basic idea of Visual Cryptography (VC) is to divide a secret image into several partitions which are called VC shares. With various categories of VC schemes having been developed to enhance the maturity of VC since its emergence, one of obsessions in current investigations of VC is that each VC share lacks authentication. In this paper, we analyze VC authentication methods using 2D barcodes and embed binary codes into VC shares for authentication purpose. The objective of this paper is to present a method of improving the authentication of traditional VC scheme. Our contribution of this paper is to propose a scheme of embedding 2D barcodes into given VC shares to prevent cheating, we search the best region of a given share where the 2D barcode could be embedded into so as to keep the visual quality of the revealed secret.

2D Barcodes for visual cryptography

Authentication plays a critical role in securing any online banking system, and many banks and various services have long relied on username/password combos to verify users. Memorizing usernames and passwords for a lot of accounts becomes a cumbersome and inefficient task. Furthermore, legacy authentication methods have failed over and over, and they are not immune against a wide variety of attacks that can be launched against users, networks, or authentication servers. Over the years, data breach reports emphasize that attackers have created numerous high-tech techniques to steal users’ credentials, which can pose a serious threat. In this paper, we propose an efficient and practical user authentication scheme using personal devices that utilize different cryptographic primitives, such as encryption, digital signature, and hashing. The technique benefits from the widespread usage of ubiquitous computing and various intelligent portable and wearable devices that can enable users to execute a secure authentication protocol. Our proposed scheme does not require an authentication server to maintain static username and password tables for identifying and verifying the legitimacy of the login users. It not only is secure against password-related attacks, but also can resist replay attacks, shoulder-surfing attacks, phishing attacks, and data breach incidents.

A Secure and Practical Authentication Scheme Using Personal Devices

One of the problems pertinent with many visual cryptography (VC) schemes is that of authentication. VC provides a way of sharing secrets between a number of participants. The secrets are in the form of an image that is encoded into multiple pieces known as shares. When these shares are physically superimposed, the secret can be instantly observed. A known problem is that of authentication. How is it possible to know that the secret being recovered is genuine? There has been some work devoted to this using so called cheating prevention schemes which attempt to provide a means of traceability or authentication via a set of additional shares that are used to check authenticity. This paper proposes a scheme that attempts to alleviate this suspicion by using 2D barcodes as a means of authentication which may have more practicality in terms of real world usage. Results are provided using an application that is available on mobile devices for portable barcode reading.

Authenticating visual cryptography shares using 2d barcodes

Core banking is a set of services provided by a group of networked bank branches. Bank customers may access their funds and perform other simple transactions from any of the member branch offices. The major issue in core banking is the authenticity of the customer. Due to unavoidable hacking of the databases on the Internet, it is always quite difficult to trust the information on the Internet. To solve this problem of authentication, we are proposing an algorithm based on image processing and visual cryptography. This paper proposes a technique of processing the signature of a customer and then dividing it into shares. Total number of shares to be created is depending on the scheme chosen by the bank. When two shares are created, one is stored in the bank database and the other is kept by the customer. The customer has to present the share during all of his transactions. This share is stacked with the first share to get the original signature. The correlation method is used to take the decision on acceptance or rejection of the output and authenticate the customer.

S. Manu

Papers

Secure Authentication using Image Processing and Visual Cryptography for Banking Applications