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S. Ramanathan

Bio: S. Ramanathan is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Technology Madras. The author has contributed to research in topics: Chemical-mechanical planarization & Copper. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 35 publications receiving 1316 citations.

Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, various applications of microwave food processing such as microwave cooking, microwave pasteurization and microwave assisted drying were extensively reviewed and the advantages and the factors affecting the microwave cooking of food materials have been reviewed.

673 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review on microwave heating and their interaction with materials for various applications in a comprehensive manner has been presented and some of the unresolved problems are identified and directions for further research are also suggested.
Abstract: Microwave heating is caused by the ability of the materials to absorb microwave energy and convert it to heat. This article represents a review on fundamentals of microwave heating and their interaction with materials for various applications in a comprehensive manner. Experimental studies of single, multimode, and variable frequency microwave processing were reviewed along with their applications. Modeling of microwave heating based on Lambert's law and Maxwell's electromagnetic field equations have also been reviewed along with their applications. Modeling approaches were used to predict the effect of resonances on microwave power absorption, the role of supports for microwave heating, and to determine the nonuniformity on heating rates. Various industrial applications on thermal processing have been reviewed. There is tremendous scope for theoretical and experimental studies on the athermal effects of microwaves. Some of the unresolved problems are identified and directions for further research are also suggested. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012

253 citations

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TL;DR: Experiments were conducted for microwave heating and melting of lead, tin, aluminium and copper with the aid of susceptors and detailed results were presented for various microwave power levels and sample loading.

120 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, chemical mechanical planarization of copper disks in hydrogen peroxide and l -arginine based alkaline slurry was investigated and the results indicate that it is possible to conduct a robust copper CMP with alkaline slurries while maintaining an excellent Cu/silicon dioxide polish rate selectivity.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) was used as the cleaning agent and arginine as the chelating agent to remove BTA and silica particles from the copper surface.

52 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This critical review focuses on developments in the Sonogashira reaction achieved in recent years concerning catalysts, reaction conditions and substrates.
Abstract: The coupling of aryl or vinyl halides with terminal acetylenes catalysed by palladium and other transition metals, commonly termed as Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction, is one of the most important and widely used sp2–sp carbon–carbon bond formation reactions in organic synthesis, frequently employed in the synthesis of natural products, biologically active molecules, heterocycles, molecular electronics, dendrimers and conjugated polymers or nanostructures. This critical review focuses on developments in the Sonogashira reaction achieved in recent years concerning catalysts, reaction conditions and substrates (352 references).

1,246 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, various applications of microwave food processing such as microwave cooking, microwave pasteurization and microwave assisted drying were extensively reviewed and the advantages and the factors affecting the microwave cooking of food materials have been reviewed.

673 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, most of the significant phenomena that cause heating during microwave-material interaction and heat transfer during microwave energy absorption in materials are discussed. But, the mechanisms associated with the processing are less understood; popular mechanisms such as dipolar heating and conduction heating have been mostly explored.
Abstract: Efforts to use microwaves in material processing are gradually increasing. However, the phenomena associated with the processing are less understood; popular mechanisms such as dipolar heating and conduction heating have been mostly explored. The current paper reviews most of the significant phenomena that cause heating during microwave–material interaction and heat transfer during microwave energy absorption in materials. Mechanisms involved during interaction of microwave with characteristically different materials – metals, non-metals and composites (metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites and polymer matrix composites) have been discussed using suitable illustrations. It was observed that while microwave heating of metal based materials is due to the magnetic field based loss effects, dipolar loss and conduction loss are the phenomena associated with the electric field effects in microwave heating of non-metals. Challenges in processing of advanced materials, particularly composites have been identified from the available literature; further research directions with possible benefits have been highlighted.

502 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The special interaction mechanisms between microwave and metal-based materials are attracting increasing interest for a variety of metallurgical, plasma and discharge applications, and therefore are reviewed particularly regarding the aspects of the reflection, heating and discharge effects.
Abstract: Microwave heating is rapidly emerging as an effective and efficient tool in various technological and scientific fields. A comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of microwave-matter interactions is the precondition for better utilization of microwave technology. However, microwave heating is usually only known as dielectric heating, and the contribution of the magnetic field component of microwaves is often ignored, which, in fact, contributes greatly to microwave heating of some aqueous electrolyte solutions, magnetic dielectric materials and certain conductive powder materials, etc. This paper focuses on this point and presents a careful review of microwave heating mechanisms in a comprehensive manner. Moreover, in addition to the acknowledged conventional microwave heating mechanisms, the special interaction mechanisms between microwave and metal-based materials are attracting increasing interest for a variety of metallurgical, plasma and discharge applications, and therefore are reviewed particularly regarding the aspects of the reflection, heating and discharge effects. Finally, several distinct strategies to improve microwave energy utilization efficiencies are proposed and discussed with the aim of tackling the energy-efficiency-related issues arising from the application of microwave heating. This work can present a strategic guideline for the developed understanding and utilization of the microwave heating technology.

393 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the performance data of metal oxide thin film electrodes by microwave-assisted as an inexpensive, quick and versatile technique is presented for supercapacitor performance data, and metal oxide films will continue to play a major role in supercapACitor technology and are expected to considerably increase the capabilities of these devices in near future.

355 citations