Biowaste orange peel incorporated chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite films for food packaging applications

Citrus fruits are one of the popular fruit crops around the world. However, the consumption and industrial process of citrus fruits yield a large amount of wastes, especially peels, seeds and pomace. Citrus processing wastes are normally used as animal feed or even discarded directly, which have caused serious environmental pollution and economical loss. Since citrus processing wastes contain numerous phytochemicals and bioactive components, they have good application potentials in food packaging sectors. In recent years, the development of food packaging films based on citrus processing wastes has received increasing attention. Food packaging films can be prepared by using citrus processing wastes in different forms, such as the direct use of citrus peel powder and the indirect use of active compounds extracted from the wastes (especially pectin, essential oils and seed extracts). The incorporation of citrus processing wastes or their extracts significantly alters the physical properties and enhances the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the films. The developed films have wide applications in the preservation of aquatic products, baked food, fruits, vegetables and meats. In this review, recent advances on the development of food packaging films based on citrus processing wastes are introduced. The preparation methods, physical and functional properties, and the applications of citrus processing wastes-based packaging films are summarized. 

Recent advances on the development of food packaging films based on citrus processing wastes: A review

Influence of silver

With an intention to replace the synthetic non-biodegradable films in packaging applications, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended with green banana peel filler (GBPF), the biodegradable films were prepared by solution casting method with varying the concentrations of GBPF (5–25 wt%) in PVA matrix The bio films were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis, transmissibility, FESEM, tensile test, film solubility and water absorption, water vapour transmission (WVT), soil burial test Based on results obtained, the changes evidenced in the FTIR spectrum of this PVA/GBPF biofilms suggest that strong hydrogen bonding is taking place due to interfacial exchanges of GBPF in PVA matrix The XRD results showed that crystallinity of bio films are greater than PVA Thermo gravimetric analyses predicted that PVA/GBPF bio films are thermally stable up to 300 °C The light is 45% for transmittance in the visible light region for the PVA/GBPF (25 wt%) bio film The FESEM micrographs of biofilms palpable that formation of good physical interaction and compatibility between polymer matrix and GBPF up to 20 wt% of GBPF in PVA Matrix FESEM results also confirmed that higher loading of GBPF (25 wt%) in PVA matrix, observed voids and agglomerations in film surface The PVA/GBPF bio films with 20% of GBPF gave the highest tensile strength and young’s modulus 445 MPa and 667 GPA respectively compared to other samples The elongation at break decreases with increases the GBPF in PVA Matrix up to 20 wt%The slight decrease in mechanical properties perceived due to higher loading of GBPF (25 wt%) with PVA matrix The solubility, water absorption and WVT of the PVA/GBPF bio films increased upon increasing the GBPF content The biodegradation test results discovered that he highest weight loss at 423% (25 wt% of GBPF) probably due to the hydrophilic nature of GBPF in PVA matrix On the whole, the present investigation confirmed that the PVA/GBPF bio films potential for possible utilization in active packaging applications attributable to its better mechanical, thermal, optical, water absorption and biodegradation properties

Characterization of Ecofriendly Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) and Green Banana Peel Filler (GBPF) Reinforced Bio-Films

In this paper, the effect of adding gum arabic at levels of 0–5%, and chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3 NPs) at levels of 0–3%, were optimized on orange peel-based films by response surface methodology. The obtained results reveal a significant increase in water vapor permeability, weight loss, tensile strength, and Young's modulus of film samples by increasing the percentage of both gum and nanoparticles (p < 0.05). Moreover, the addition of gum arabic and Cr2O3 NPs decreases the thickness, water-solubility, L*, a*, b* indexes while increasing the elongation to the breaking point. Furthermore, the moisture content of the film samples was decreased by the addition of nanoparticles, however, the addition of gum arabic increased this parameter. The obtained results from the morphology of the samples indicated an increase in both roughness and cracks by increasing the percentage of nanoparticles as well as creating a smooth surface with the addition of gum arabic. Besides, the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed no new peak in the prepared samples, as compared to the control sample. The results of X-ray diffraction indicated that the addition of gum arabic and nanoparticles simultaneously caused the formation of new crystals and increasing the crystallinity of the films. Based on Thermogravimetric analysis results, the thermal stability of films containing the nanoparticles increased, as compared to the control sample. In the meantime, the addition of gum and nanoparticles increased the antimicrobial properties of the film samples, as compared to the control. Overall, those films created by the orange peel including gum arabic and Cr2O3 NPs could enhance the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the samples. 

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Optimization and Characterization of Bioactive Biocomposite Film Based on Orange Peel Incorporated with Gum Arabic Reinforced by Cr2O3 Nanoparticles

Environmental concerns are raised due to municipal solid wastes especially due to non-biodegradable packaging waste materials. To overcome such issues, researchers gained attention in biodegradable...

Development and Analysis of Poly Vinyl Alcohol/Orange peel powder biocomposite films

Owing to develop the utilization of biowaste materials and minimize the usage of plastic materials, Orange peel Powder (OPP) biowaste is chosen as filler material along with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as a matrix to form biocomposite films. To stretch its applications to antibacterial applications the metal nanoparticles were incorporated by the in-situ generation of Ag by reducing the various concentration of the aqueous solution of AgNO3 to fabricate novel PVA/OPP/(1 mM to 5 mM)AgNPs hybrid biocomposite films. The fabricated biofilms were undergone the antibacterial test, mechanical test, and characterized by FESEM, FTIR, XRD & thermal analysis. The FESEM images clarify the homogenous distribution of filler materials in the PVA matrix and binding between the filler materials & matrices. FT-IR spectrum illustrates, there is no functional group change in the films by the inclusion of AgNPs as compare to the PVA/OPP films and indicates the strong adhesion and well dispersion of filler materials. XRD patterns confirm the presence of Ag and accentuated the crystallite size of generated AgNPs in the films as 23.44 nm, 25.59 nm, 26.25 nm, 28.17 nm, and 28.42 nm. Thermal analysis of the films shows improved thermal stability as well as glass transition temperature of the composite films included with AgNPs, also the considerable increase in the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the PVA/OPP/AgNPs films as compared to the neat PVA, PVA/OPP films. As compare to neat PVA and PVA/OPP films, with the increase of concentration of AgNO3 source solution antibacterial activity of the PVA/OPP/AgNPs films increases against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. With the above-improved results by the inclusion of Ag nanoparticles, this hybrid biocomposite films can be utilized in food processing industries

S. Rathinavel

Papers

Development and Analysis of Poly Vinyl Alcohol/Orange peel powder biocomposite films

Development and Analysis of Silver Nano Particle Influenced PVA/Natural Particulate Hybrid Composites with Thermo-Mechanical Properties