Fog computing at industrial level, architecture, latency, energy, and security: A review

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a leading trend with numerous opportunities accompanied by advantages as well as disadvantages. Parallel with IoT development, significant privacy and personal data protection challenges are also growing. In this regard, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is often considered the world’s strongest set of data protection rules and has proven to be a catalyst for many countries around the world. The concepts and interaction of the data controller, the joint controllers, and the data processor play a key role in the implementation of the GDPR. Therefore, clarifying the blurred IoT actors’ relationships to determine corresponding responsibilities is necessary. Given the IoT transformation reflected in shifting computing power from cloud to the edge, in this research we have considered how these computing paradigms are affecting IoT actors. In this regard, we have introduced identification of IoT actors according to a new five-computing layer IoT model based on the cloud, fog, edge, mist, and dew computing. Our conclusion is that identifying IoT actors in the light of the corresponding IoT data manager roles could be useful in determining the responsibilities of IoT actors for their compliance with data protection and privacy rules.

Identification of IoT Actors.

Nowadays, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has grown much faster. Many different devices are connected to the Internet through various network interfaces. Thus, these such devices create the heterogeneous networks and the edge heterogeneous gateways provide communication between them and cloud servers. In this article, we consider the functional framework of the edge gateway and evaluate the efficiency of using it to minimize the IoT system delay. The simulation results show that the system delay is reduced when using edge gateways.

Minimizing the IoT System Delay with the Edge Gateways.

In the modern world, the Internet of Things (IoT) has captured most of the applications in the market and it plays a significant role with various smart and interactive things that have provided a convenient environment for humans. Applications of IoT can be broadly classified based on consumer application, enterprise application, infrastructure management, industrial productivity, and so on. Some of the applications that implement the concepts of IoT are smart wearables, connected cars, industrial internet, precision agriculture, smart retail, energy management systems, and others. Advancement in IoT technology has resulted in automated home appliances and healthcare systems and also in the development of smart cities, smart homes, smart towns, and many more. For any application based on IoT, data are collected and are modeled using prediction analysis. The basic concept of using IoT is that it reduces waste, loss, and cost. The design of the IoT application should focus on increasing the energy efficiency and the cost efficiency of the system, improving safety, or creating better experiences. IoT is a field of the network, and it could be enabled either by wired or wireless communication networks. This refers to the technology where the machines could predict the data and work by itself. Here the devices that are connected to the private internet connection could communicate with others. The edge devices that are connected will create a huge amount of data. These data are generated at high speed, and also they face challenges like storage, computation, and networking. These issues can be handled by using cloud, edge, or cloud edge computing. This chapter focuses on the discussion of diverse applications in IoT because of its huge potential market, and also it enhances the comfort of our lives besides providing enhanced control of our daily and personal tasks with ease.

S. Saravanan

Papers

Applications of the Internet of Things with the Cloud Computing Technologies: A Review