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S. Somnath Pai

Bio: S. Somnath Pai is an academic researcher from Amity University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Vibrio harveyi & Vibrio. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 18 publications receiving 643 citations. Previous affiliations of S. Somnath Pai include University of Pavia & Cochin University of Science and Technology.

Papers
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TL;DR: The results of this study indicated that the organism Pseudomonas sp PS 102 could be employed as a potential probiont in shrimp and prawn aquaculture systems for management and control of bacterial infections.

137 citations

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TL;DR: B-cell activation, but not exhaustion, is common in chronic viral hepatitis, however, enhanced B-cell differentiation and deficient proliferative capacity were not associated with commitment to terminal differentiation.

135 citations

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TL;DR: Shrimp that survived challenges on the 5th and 10th days after cessation of IVP administration survived repeated challenges although they were sometimes positive for the presence of WSSV by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for W SSV.
Abstract: Fenneropenaeus indicus could be protected from white spot disease (WSD) caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) using a formalin-inactivated viral preparation (IVP) derived from WSSV-infected shrimp tissue. The lowest test quantity of lyophilized IVP coated onto feed at 0.025 g(-1) (dry weight) and administered at a rate of 0.035 g feed g(-1) body weight d(-1) for 7 consecutive days was sufficient to provide protection from WSD for a short period (10 d after cessation of IVP administration). Shrimp that survived challenges on the 5th and 10th days after cessation of IVP administration survived repeated challenges although they were sometimes positive for the presence of WSSV by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for WSSV. These results suggest that F. indicus can be protected from WSD by simple oral administration of IVP.

96 citations

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TL;DR: It is shown that the disease resistance and survival rate of Penaeus monodon in a larval rearing systems can be enhanced by supplementing with antagonistic or non-antagonistic probiotics, as well as when challenged with a pathogenic strain of V. harveyi.
Abstract: This study shows that the disease resistance and survival rate of Penaeus monodon in a larval rearing systems can be enhanced by supplementing with antagonistic or non-antagonistic probiotics. The antagonistic mode of action of Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 against vibrios was demonstrated in larval mesocosm with cultures having sufficient concentration of antagonistic compounds in their culture supernatant. Investigations on the antagonistic properties of Bacillus MCCB 101, Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 against Vibrio harveyi MCCB 111 under in vitro conditions revealed that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 were inhibitory to the pathogen. These inhibitory properties were further confirmed in the larval rearing systems of P. monodon. All these four probionts significantly improved larval survival in long-term treatments as well as when challenged with a pathogenic strain of V. harveyi MCCB 111. We could demonstrate that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 accorded disease resistance and a higher survival rate in P. monodon larval rearing systems through active antagonism of vibrios, whereas Bacillus MCCB 101 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 functioned as probiotics through immunostimulatory and digestive enzyme-supporting modes of action.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of the study show that MS-222 and benzocaine could be used as sedatives to alleviate transport-related stress in P. filamentosus to improve their post-transport survival and hence reduce economic loss.
Abstract: There is a growing commercial interest in the fish, Puntius filamentosus, in the ornamental fish trade in India and elsewhere. The trade is, however, hampered by severe mortalities during transport of the fish owing to insufficient data available on the use of anaesthetics. To resolve this problem, we evaluated the efficacy of two anaesthetics, MS-222 and benzocaine, in sedating P. filamentosus in simulated transportation experiments and used stress response parameters such as cortisol and blood glucose levels to perform assessments. We observed that MS-222 at 40 mg L−1 and benzocaine at 20 mg L−1 were sufficient to induce sedation for 48 h. Above these concentrations, both the anaesthetics adversely affected the fish and resulted in mortalities. Both anaesthetics significantly lowered the blood cortisol and glucose levels compared with the unsedated controls. Importantly, the anaesthetics treatment significantly lowered the post-transport mortality in the fish. The results of the study show that MS-222 and benzocaine could be used as sedatives to alleviate transport-related stress in P. filamentosus to improve their post-transport survival and hence reduce economic loss.

44 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: This review provides a summary of the use of probiotics for prevention of bacterial diseases in aquaculture, with a critical evaluation of results obtained to date.

1,042 citations

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TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive summary of probiotics in aquaculture with special reference to mollusc culture.

756 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present paper shows the current knowledge of the use of probiotics in aquaculture, its antecedents, and safety measures to be carried out and discusses the prospects for study in this field.
Abstract: The growth of aquaculture as an industry has accelerated over the past decades; this has resulted in environmental damages and low productivity of various crops. The need for increased disease resistance, growth of aquatic organisms, and feed efficiency has brought about the use of probiotics in aquaculture practices. The first application of probiotics occurred in 1986, to test their ability to increase growth of hydrobionts (organisms that live in water). Later, probiotics were used to improve water quality and control of bacterial infections. Nowadays, there is documented evidence that probiotics can improve the digestibility of nutrients, increase tolerance to stress, and encourage reproduction. Currently, there are commercial probiotic products prepared from various bacterial species such as Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Carnobacterium sp., and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae among others, and their use is regulated by careful management recommendations. The present paper shows the current knowledge of the use of probiotics in aquaculture, its antecedents, and safety measures to be carried out and discusses the prospects for study in this field.

715 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The roles of different chemokines in the pathogenesis of liver diseases and their potential use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets are reviewed.

594 citations