S. Sutavani

Bio: S. Sutavani is an academic researcher from Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Computer science & Smart grid. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 5 publications receiving 12 citations.

A Blockchain Construct for Energy Trading against Sybil Attacks

Abstract: In recent years, vehicular networks have been drawing special attention because of its significant potential role in the future smart city. Safety is a crucial status in vehicular networks, especially in energy trading where security of transactional data and safety against critical attacks is of most concern. The Sybil attack is one where an adversary can create multiple fake identities, become a part of the P2P network and try to manipulate the decision of the entire network in accordance to his own will. Thus in view to enhance the security of system, this paper focuses on a Sybil attack mitigation method based on blockchain and it's Proof of Work (PoW) consensus. Also a framework of automated privacy-preserving selection of charging stations (CS) based on pricing and the distance to the electric vehicle (EV) is presented. A blockchain based approach increases the transparency between EV and CS while preserving the privacy of the EV owners.

Secure Energy Market against Cyber Attacks using Blockchain

Abstract: In the recent trend of smart grids, most of the systems are interconnected with cyber systems which lead to various security and adversary issues. To protect the systems from serious threats of cyber-attacks, one of the solutions is to exclude a central authority by making the system decentralized. This issue of the system security can be addressed using blockchain which is a distributed ledger storing data securely via cryptography. In the proposed framework, i.e. the inclusion of smart contract in blockchain for energy trading between Electric Vehicles (EV) and Charging Stations (CS) eliminates the need of an intermediary which minimizes the misleading of information between both the parties and enhances the security and privacy of the system. The cost of charging is calculated and validated by smart contracts via consensus of the CSs. If the EVs have multiple options to choose a particular CS, then the one proposing minimum charging cost is chosen. Furthermore, cost and other details are stored in blockchain in the form of blocks via consensus, which are connected cryptographically to the previous blocks, thus data is immutable and secured.

Koopman-based Policy Iteration for Robust Optimal Control

Abstract: Classically, the optimal control problem in the presence of an adversary is formulated as a two-player zero-sum differential game or an H∞ control problem. The solution to these problems can be obtained by solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Issac equation (HJIE). We provide a novel Koopman-based expression of the HJIE, where the solutions can be obtained through the approximation of the Koopman operator itself. In particular, we developed a data-driven and model based policy iteration algorithm for approximating the optimal value function using a finite-dimensional approximation of the Koopman operator and generator.

Disturbance Decoupling and Instantaneous Fault Detection in Boolean Control Networks.

Abstract: The literature available on disturbance decoupling (DD) of Boolean control network (BCN) is built on a restrictive notion of what constitutes as disturbance decoupling. The results available on necessary and sufficient conditions are of limited applicability because of their stringent requirements. This work tries to expand the notion of DD in BCN to incorporate a larger number of systems deemed unsuitable for DD. The methods available are further restrictive in the sense that system is forced to follow trajectory unaffected by the disturbances rather than decoupling disturbances while the system follows its natural course. Some sufficient conditions are provided under which the problem can be addressed. This work tries to establish the notion of disturbance decoupling via feedback control,analogous to the classical control theory. This approach though, is not limited to DD problems and can be extended to the general control problems of BCNs. Determination of observability, which is sufficient for the fault detection, is proven to be NP-hard for Boolean Control Network. Algorithms based on reconstructability, a necessary condition, of BCN turn out to be of exponential complexity in this http URL such cases it makes sense to search for the availability of some special structure in BCN that could be utilized for fault detection with minimal computational efforts. An attempt is made to address this problem by introducing instantaneous fault detection (IFD) and providing necessary and sufficient conditions for the same. Later necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed for solving the problem of instantaneous fault detection along with disturbance decoupling using a single controller.

Small-Gain Theorem and ℒ2-gain Computation in Large using Koopman Spectrum

Abstract: The paper is about ${\mathcal{L}_2}$-gain computation and the small-gain theorem for nonlinear input-output systems. We show that the Koopman operator’s spectrum can provide conditions for ${\mathcal{L}_2}$-gain guarantees and small-gain theorem-based stability of interconnection over a large region of the state space. The large region in the state space can be characterized in terms of the region where Koopman eigenfunctions and the solution of the Hamilton Jacobi equation are well defined. The connection of system ${\mathcal{L}_2}$-gain to the spectral properties of the Koopman operator has led to a novel approach, based on the approximation of the Koopman spectrum, for the computation of the ${\mathcal{L}_2}$-gain and stability verification of the interconnected system. We present simulation results including application of the developed framework to a power system example.

Smart contracts in energy systems: A systematic review of fundamental approaches and implementations

Abstract: Given the ongoing transition towards a more decentralised and adaptive energy system, the potential of blockchain-enabled smart contracts for the energy sector is being increasingly recognised. Due to their self-executing, customisable and tamper-proof nature, they are seen as a key technology for enabling the transition to a more efficient, transparent and transactive energy market. The applications of smart contracts include coordination of smart electric vehicle charging, automated demand-side response, peer-to-peer energy trading and allocation of the control duties amongst the network operators. Nevertheless, their use in the energy sector is still in its early stages as there are many open challenges related to security, privacy, scalability and billing. In this paper, we systematically review 178 peer-reviewed publications and 13 innovation projects, providing a thorough analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of smart contracts used in the energy sector. This work offers a broad perspective on the opportunities and challenges that stakeholders using this technology face, in both current and emergent markets, such as peer-to-peer energy trading platforms. To provide a roadmap for researchers and practitioners interested in the technology, we propose a systematic model of the smart contracting process, by developing a novel 6-layer architecture, as well as presenting a sample energy contract in pseudocode form and as open-source code. Our analysis focuses on the two mainstream application areas we identify for smart contract use in this area: energy and flexibility trading, and distributed control. The paper concludes with a comprehensive, critical discussion of the advantages and challenges that must be addressed in the area of smart contracts and blockchains in energy, and a set of recommendations that researchers and developers should consider when applying smart contracts to energy system settings.

Secured Energy Trading Using Byzantine-Based Blockchain Consensus

Abstract: To mitigate the problems of demand-supply mismatch in the future grid the solution of renewable energy source (RES) integration results in a bidirectional flow of information and transactions, which are prone to different kinds of cyber attacks, especially in energy trading where the security of financial transactions is of most concern. Electric vehicle (EV) having the advantage of mobility can play a significant role in maintaining demand-supply balance at any location unlike their peers (conventional compensator). For deciding entire system security, securing EVs charging-discharging transactions at all charging stations or connecting points is most important. The system can be made more secure against cyber-attacks with the introduction of the blockchain framework. Hence, in view of secured transactions, the paper focuses on the energy trading process between EVs and distribution network (DN) in a Byzantine based blockchain consensus framework. During peak load period DN initiates the energy trading process by demanding additional power from the EVs. This process of energy trading results in energy and information exchange which needs to be secured through blockchain from vulnerable attacks and threats. Possible scenarios of various cyber-attacks on different nodes of the system are visualized in the form of false data. To highlight the application of blockchain, the Byzantine general problem framework is used which states that for successful attack 33% of information is to be manipulated, in other words, decreasing the probability of attack confirms the system security. Numerical results based on various operating scenarios for the standard IEEE 33 bus system are in agreement with the Byzantine consensus problem indicating improvement in system security.

BlockEV: Efficient and Secure Charging Station Selection for Electric Vehicles

Abstract: The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has become essential for the economical and technological development of a country. The maturity of communication technologies (Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)) and the amalgamation of smart grids, electric vehicles (EVs) and energy trading resulted in a storm of research opportunities for green ITS. In addition, the combination of vehicular communication technologies and ITS enable efficient selection of EV charging stations (CS) and scheduling EVs charging requirements in real-time. However, the untrusted centralized nature of energy markets and EV charging infrastructures result in several privacy and security threats to EV user’s private information. These security and privacy threats include targeted advertisements, privacy leakage, selling data to third party, etc. In this work, we propose BlockEV, a blockchain-based efficient CS selection protocol for EVs to ensure the security and privacy of the EV users, availability of the reserved time slots at CSs, high Quality of Service (QoS) and enhanced EV user comfort. First, a blockchain-based framework is introduced to implement secure charging services and trusted reservation for EVs with the execution of smart contract. Second, we focus on the efficient CS selection and propose a mechanism for EVs to select the CS locally without sharing private information to CS, while fulfilling their service requirements. Evaluations show that the proposed BlockEV is scalable with significantly low blockchain transaction and storage overhead.

Permissionless proof‐of‐reputation‐X: A hybrid reputation‐based consensus algorithm for permissionless blockchains

Abstract: Over the past years, blockchain technology has become more and more interesting since its ability to carry out transactions without any mediator. To ensure the transactions' reliability, c...