S. T. Hindu

Bio: S. T. Hindu is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Image formation & Peak signal-to-noise ratio. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 21 citations.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARECTERIZATION STUDIES OF NANO TiO2 PREPARED VIA SOL-GEL METHOD

Abstract: Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide doped with Fe2+ ions have been synthesized via sol-gel technique using Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and ferrous sulphate as a precursors. The synthesized nanopowders were characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) and Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy. PXRD pattern indicates the presence of pure crystalline anatase phase TiO2 with average crystallite size of 14 nm. FTIR spectra showed the vibrational bands of Ti-O networks. The morphology of the as prepared samples and chemical constituents of the nanoparticles studied using SEM and EDAX analysis. From the UV-Vis spectra and PL spectra the optical properties of TiO2 were studied and discussed.

Fusion of multi focused images using hdwt for machine vision

Abstract: During image acquisition in machine vision, due to limited depth of field of lens, it is possible to take clear image of the objects in the scene which are in focus only. The remaining objects in the scene will be out of focus. A possible solution to bring clear images of all objects in the scene is image fusion. Image fusion is a process of combining multiple images to form the composite image with extended information content. This paper uses three band expansive higher density discrete wavelet transform to fuse two numbers of images focusing different objects in the same scene and also proposes three methods for image fusion. Experimental results on multi focused image fusion are presented in terms of root mean square, peak signal to noise ratio and quality index to illustrate the proposed fusion methods.

Evaluating photodegradation properties of anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles for organic compounds

Abstract: TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple sol-gel method and calcined at 300 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C temperatures. SEM images show well-defined particles which get agglomerated at higher calcination temperatures. Two types of nanostructures, spherical and rice-grain shape are significantly observed through TEM. The spherical nanostructures is estimated the particle size to be 73.99 nm with the larger BET surface area of 205 m2/gm in all the three samples. The rice-grain shape particles are confined to 12–13 nm only in samples calcined at 300 °C. The XRD investigations of these TiO2 nanoparticles confirm the tetragonal form of anatase and rutile phases of TiO2. These results suggest that, TiO2 sample calcinated at 300 °C temperature showed anatase phase of good crystallinity with smaller crystallite size. FTIR spectra showed the TiO2 peaks in characteristics region are due to Ti O Ti metal bond in all the samples. The morphology display in the AFM image of powder sample exhibit well structured nano-surface. UV–vis spectra show stronger absorption in the visible region. The emission spectra of anatase TiO2 nanoparticle of sample calcinated at 300 °C temperature has been split into sharp peaks confirming well-defined lattices site in particles and better luminescence activity of material. The sharp emission peak is due to reduced recombination rate which enhances photocatalytic properties. The active anatase Titania calcined at 300 °C temperature show remarkably high rate of photocatalytic of methylene blue (73%) and methyl orange (69%) under visible light irradiation.

Conventional hydrothermal synthesis of titanate nanotubes: Systematic discussions on structural, optical, thermal and morphological properties

Abstract: Titanate nanotubes were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal technique under acidic-base medium. The anatase and titanate phase of the starting TiO2 and tubular titanate was confirmed by powder XRD technique. The UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy was used to study the absorption nature of titanate nanotubes and the band gap was calculated as 3.3 eV. Infrared technique was employed to detect the presence of all the functional groups in the synthesized titanate nanotube material. Thermal properties of the title material were studied by TG-DTA analyses. The shrinkage of interlayer distance of TiO2 network confirms the nanotube formation. Morphology and size information about the synthesized material were carried out using FESEM and TEM analysis. Titanate nanotubes are having the maximum length of 2.24 µm and the average diameter of 169.73 nm. EDX analysis gives out the elemental composition of the as synthesized product. This report may fetch an efficient way to synthesize TiO2 nanotubes using TiO2 nanoparticles.

Synthesis and Design of Norfloxacin drug delivery system based on PLA/TiO2 nanocomposites: Antibacterial and antitumor activities.

Abstract: Biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic polymer-based nanoparticles are the novel nanotherapeutic tool which is used for adsorption and encapsulation drugs. Extended release formulation of Norfloxacin antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agent model, drug in the form of encapsulated and loaded poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites-based Titanium dioxide (PLA/TiO2) was developed. Nanocomposites were prepared using different contents (1, 3, 5 wt %) and morphologies of TiO2 (spheres (S), rods (R). The dispersion of TiO2 was aided by ultrasonic technique followed by solution casting method. The morphology, particle size, crystallite size and composition of the nanocomposites were examined by SEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR. The crystallinity and thermal behavior of the nanocomposites were characterized by DSC and TGA. NOR was loaded onto TiO2 nanospheres (NOR@TiO2 (S)) and the optimum conditions for loading was investigated. Pseudo-second order model was the more adequate to represent the kinetic data. The equilibrium data followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm and the adsorption process was exothermic. NOR@TiO2 (S) was encapsulated into PLA and in vitro release behavior of drug was compared with NOR adsorbed into PLA (NOR@PLA) and nanocomposites (NOR@PLA/TiO2) using different pH (6.7, 7.4) media. To study the mechanism of NOR release, first order, Higuchi, Hixon Crowell and Korsmeyer-Peppas models were applied on the experimental results. The cytotoxicity of the loaded nanocomposites using MTT assay was studied against HepG 2, MCF-7, HCT 116, PC-3, Hela, WI-38 and WISH cells. The encapsulated (NOR@ 5S/En PLA) showed the highest cytotoxic efficacy with moderate effect on normal cells. Moreover, the nanocomposites have great potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Klebsiella pneumonia. NOR@ PLA/TiO2 nanocomposites showed better antibacterial efficacy than NOR encapsulated nanocomposites. The nanocomposites could be effective vehicles for the sustained delivery of toxic anticancer drug.

Removal of lead (II) from aqeouos waste using (CD-PCL-TiO2) bio-nanocomposites

Abstract: Lead (Pb) pollution is our water system is a major concern, as this metal is toxic even at low concentration. This study aim to fabricate a bio-nanocomposite (cyclodextrin-polycaprolactone titanium dioxide) that will be used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead in aqueous waste. In this study, titanium dioxide was synthesized via sol-gel technique then incorporated in a polymer blend (CD-PCL) via solution blending method. The resulting bio-nanocomposites were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET). The effect of how factors such as pH, concentration and adsorbent dose affect the removal efficiency of the bio-nanocomposites were studies. Maximum adsorption of lead obtained was 98% at pH 9.7, 10 ppm with 0.005 g dosage. Kinetic studies and adsorption isotherms were also investigated. The adsorption data fit Langmuir isotherm. Pb (II) obeyed pseudo-second order kinetics.

The low temperature selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur on TiO2 supported V2O5 catalysts

Abstract: The selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur at low temperature (130 °C) was investigated on various TiO2-supported vanadium oxide catalysts. The TiO2 supports were commercially available pure anatase TiO2 (dXRD 21 and 43 nm with specific surface area 63 and 10 m2/g, respectively), solvothermal-synthesized pure anatase TiO2 (dXRD 15 nm, 69 m2/g), P-25 TiO2 (mixed anatase/rutile phase, 46 m2/g), and rutile TiO2 (dXRD 40 nm, 6 m2/g). In order to obtain high catalytic activity of the V2O5/TiO2 catalysts, a combination of highly dispersed vanadium oxides and a strong interaction of V-Ti species were found to be necessary. As revealed by the XPS, Raman, and O2-TPD results, the interaction between active V component and TiO2 support was shown by the presence of partially reduced V-Ti species. Due to the strong interaction between V and TiO2 support, the active V component, which was not fully oxidized, led to more oxygen vacancies being formed and facilitated a rapid catalyst regeneration from V4+ to V5+ (re-oxidation). Hence, the capability of the catalysts for H2S removal was greatly enhanced. Among them, the V2O5 supported on anatase TiO2 with dXRD 21 nm exhibited the best catalyst performances using the feed molar ratio (O2/H2S) of 0.5.