Wireless networking has witnessed an explosion of interest from consumers in recent years for its applications in mobile and personal communications. As wireless networks become an integral component of the modern communication infrastructure, energy efficiency will be an important design consideration due to the limited battery life of mobile terminals. Power conservation techniques are commonly used in the hardware design of such systems. Since the network interface is a significant consumer of power, considerable research has been devoted to low-power design of the entire network protocol stack of wireless networks in an effort to enhance energy efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of recent work addressing energy efficient and low-power design within all layers of the wireless network protocol stack.

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A Survey of Energy Efficient Network Protocols for Wireless Networks

This paper proposes the use of repetitive broadcast as a way of augmenting the memory hierarchy of clients in an asymmetric communication environment. We describe a new technique called "Broadcast Disks" for structuring the broadcast in a way that provides improved performance for non-uniformly accessed data. The Broadcast Disk superimposes multiple disks spinning at different speeds on a single broadcast channel--in effect creating an arbitrarily fine-grained memory hierarchy. In addition to proposing and defining the mechanism, a main result of this work is that exploiting the potential of the broadcast structure requires a re-evaluation of basic cache management policies. We examine several "pure" cache management policies and develop and measure implementable approximations to these policies. These results and others are presented in a set of simulation studies that substantiates the basic idea and develops some of the intuitions required to design a particular broadcast program.

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Broadcast disks: data management for asymmetric communication environments

A message is provided to a tracking server system in response to a client system referencing a predetermined resource locator that corresponds to a resource external to the tracking server system. The tracking server system indirectly provides for the client system to have an informational element selectable by the client system, where the informational element is graphically identified on the client system with informational content obtainable from a content server system through use of a content resource locator. The informational element includes a tracking resource locator, referencing the tracking server system, and data identifying the informational element. The selection of the informational element causes the client system to use the tracking resource locator to provide the data to the tracking server system and to use the content resource locator to obtain the informational content from the content server system.

Method and apparatus for redirection of server external hyper-link references

Organizing massive amount of data on wireless communication networks in order to provide fast and low power access to users equipped with palmtops, is a new challenge to the data management and telecommunication communities. Solutions must take under consideration the physical restrictions of low network bandwidth and limited battery life of palmtops. This paper proposes algorithms for multiplexing clustering and nonclustering indexes along with data on wireless networks. The power consumption and the latency for obtaining the required data are considered as the two basic performance criteria for all algorithms. First, this paper describes two algorithms namely, (1, m) indexing and Distributed Indexing, for multiplexing data and its clustering index. Second, an algorithm called Nonclustered Indexing is described for allocating static data and its corresponding nonclustered index. Then, the Nonclustered indexing algorithm is generalized to the case of multiple indexes. Finally, the proposed algorithms are analytically demonstrated to lead to significant improvement of battery life while retaining a low latency.

Data on air: organization and access

Broadcast Disks: Data Management for Asymmetric Communication Environments.

We consider wireless broadcasting of data as a way of disseminating information to a massive number of users. Organizing and accessing information on wireless communication channels is different from the problem of organizing and accessing data on the disk. We describe two methods, (1,m) Indexing and Distributed Indexing, for organizing and accessing broadcast data. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithms lead to significant improvement of battery life, while retaining a low access time.

Energy efficient indexing on air

Organizing massive amount of information on communication channels is a new challenge to the data management and telecommunication communities. In this paper, we consider wireless data broadcasting as a way of disseminating information to a massive number of battery powered palmtops. We show that different physical requirements of the wireless digital medium make the problem of organizing wireless broadcast data different from data organization on the disk. We demonstrate that providing index or hashing based access to the data transmitted over wireless is very important for extending battery life and can result in very significant improvement in battery utilization. We describe two methods (Hashing and Flexible Indexing) for organizing and accessing broadcast data in such a way that two basic parameters: tuning time, which affects battery life, and access time (waiting time for data) are minimized.

Power efficient filtering of data on air

We provide an architecture for future wireless information services as a collection of autonomous cells which o er information services of widely varying geographic scope. Each MSS (Mobile Support Station) has the freedom to decide how to allocate di erent information services to its bandwidth and in which form to o er them. Two basic forms of delivery of information service are identi ed : periodic publishing mode on a publication subchannel and on-demand mode on the on-demand subchannel. We describe, how each MSS makes the decision about which form of service delivery to use and how to structure its publication subchannel by varying the frequency of publication of individual data items depending on the frequency of requests. In this way we improve packet e ciency and power e ciency of the client-server protocols by maximizing the number of queries per Hz and queries per Watt. Each mobile client has to be able to interoperate in this environment. This is assured by making cells selfexplantory about their service allocation. We describe how the presented concepts can be implemented by proposing an extension of WWW protocol, called adaptive WWW.We also show how to implement the proposed protocol along the lines of CDPD.

S. Viswanathan

Papers

Data on air: organization and access

Energy efficient indexing on air

Power efficient filtering of data on air

Adaptive wireless information systems

Wireless Data Access using Multicasting.