Sachin Sridhar Sakat

Bio: Sachin Sridhar Sakat is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Chemistry. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 330 citations.

In­vitro antioxidant and anti­inflammatory activity of methanol extract of oxalis corniculata linn

Abstract: Methanol extract of whole plant of Oxalis corniculata Linn (Family: Oxalidaceae) was assessed for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity by in­vitro methods. Antioxidant activity was studied using 1, 1‐Diphenyl‐2‐Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was studied by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method on isolated rat liver tissues. Quantitative analysis of antioxidative components like total amount of phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols were estimated using spectrophotometric method. In­vitro anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization assay and proteinase inhibitory activity at different concentrations. Aspirin was used as a sta ndard drug for the study of anti‐ inflammatory activity. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate IC50 value. Results showed that, the extract exhibited significant DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity with IC50 v alue of 302.93±4.17 and 73.07±8.28µg/ml respectively. Lipid peroxidation induced by the Fe2+, was inhibited by the extract with IC50 value 58.71±2.55µg/ml. Total phenol content was estimated as 25.62±0.10mg of gallic acid equivalents of dry extract. Total flavonoids and flavonols were found to be 150.88±12.61 and 150.16±2.16 mg of rutin equivalents per gram of dry extract respectively. Extract also showed in­vitro anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation and Red Blood Cells membrane stabilization with the IC50 values of 288.04±2.78 and 467.14±9.56µg/ml respectively. Proteinase activity was also significantly inhibited by the extract (IC50=435.28±5.82µg/ml). From the results, it is concluded that flavonoids and related polyphenols present in the O. corniculata extract may be responsible for the activity.

Significance of animal experimentation in biomedical research in the current era: Narrative review

Abstract: The last century has witnessed enormous advancements in the field of biomedical research. Although many factors can be attributed to this development, laboratory animals hold a significant stake in this journey. From disease modeling to finding its cure, in both academic and industry settings, animal studies are indispensable in every step currently. With the development of genetic engineering technologies, animals mimicking human conditions closely are being generated at a rapid race. However, lack of reproducibility, translation in clinical settings, and the growing objection toward morality of using animals in research has prompted the development of alternative sources as well. With advancements in computational technology and simulation-based studies, animal models are being attempted to be replaced by approaches like organs-on-chips, organoids, and artificial tissues. While most of these technologies are still in their infancy, there seems to be a long way ahead for complete replacement of animal studies by these techniques. Till then, the judicious use of animals in biomedical research seems to be the inherent part of advanced biomedical research.

Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling of Polyherbal Divya-Kayakalp-Vati and Divya-Kayakalp-Oil and Their Combined Efficacy in Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation Through Regulation of Cytokines

Abstract: Purpose Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that varies in signs and symptoms in different individuals. General symptoms include dryness of the skin, itching, and development of red to brownish-gray patches. Divya-Kayakalp-Vati (DKV) and -Oil (DKO) are Indian polyherbal compositions prescribed for treating inflammatory skin diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV and DKO co-treatment (DKV-O) in ameliorating Oxazolone (OXA)-stimulated AD-like inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a Swiss albino mouse model. Methods Phytochemical profiling of the DKV and DKO were done using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) QToF. Swiss albino mice were sensitized for 7 days and treated with OXA in their ear region. Stimulated and control animals were orally treated with DKV and topically with DKO. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV-O was determined in OXA-treated animals through physiological, histopathological, and biochemical parameter analysis. Results DKV and DKO formulations individually contained 39 and 59 phytochemicals, respectively. Many of the phytochemicals have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. In the OXA-sensitized Swiss albino mice, combined treatment with DKV-O, and separately with Dexamethasone (positive control) significantly reduced the OXA-stimulated ear edema, biopsy weight, and epidermal thickness. DKV-O further reduced OXA-stimulated induction of inflammatory lesions, neutrophil influx, and release of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase. Conclusion Finally, DKV-O co-treatment showed good pharmacological effects in ameliorating AD-like inflammation through the modulation of inflammatory cell influx and release of soluble mediators. Therefore, DKV-O treatment can be used as a suitable polyherbal therapeutic against AD-like inflammatory diseases.

Development and Validation of the RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Chlorocresol and Betamethasone Dipropionate in Semisolid Dosage Formulation

Abstract: A simple, accurate, reproducible and cost-effective reverse phase HPLC technique for chlorocresol (CRC) as a preservative as well as betamethasone dipropionate (BTD) in bulk drug as well as semi-dose formulations. Snakes were developed during this research. In this method, Discovery HS (150x4.6 mm),was used as the stationary phase and an 80:20 mixture of water and isopropyl alcohol was used as the mobile phase A, and a mixture of acetonitrile plus tetrahydrofuran in the ratio. 70:30 ratio was used as mobile phase B in gradient mode to produce the final product. Approximately 1.00 ml/min of the solution is passed through the chromatograph by pumping it through. The UV detector operates at a wavelength of 240 nm. A validation study in accordance with the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines is required to demonstrate that the new analytical method meets the reliability characteristics and these characteristics demonstrate the ability of a new analytical method. analysis in maintaining, over time, the basic validation criteria: selectivity, linearity, precision, precision, and specificity. When this method is used for quality control of commercial semi-solid dosage forms of betamethasone dipropionate throughout the day, the stability indicator technique can be used to measure the breakdown of the drug and its products it, as well as to evaluate the results of the tube homogeneity test.

Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts

Abstract: There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.

Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities.

Abstract: Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.

Invitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of enicostemma axillare

Abstract: Methanol extract of whole plant of Enicostemma axillare (Family: Gentianaceae) was assessed for its anti-inflammatory activity by invitro methods. Invitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity, membrane stabilization, and anti-lipoxygenase activity at different concentrations. Aspirin, Diclofenac sodium, Indomethacin were used as standard drugs. The results showed that Enicostemma axillare Methanol Extract (EAME) at a concentration range of 100-500µg/ml significantly (p 0.05) activity. Heat induced haemolysis of erythrocyte was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited at the concentration of 400 and 500µg/ml. Hypotonicity induced haemolysis and lipoxygenase activity were significantly (p<0.01) inhibited at the concentration range of 200-500µg/ml and 400, 500µg/ml respectively. The results obtained in the present study indicate that methanol extracts of Enicostemma axillare can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents.

Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antityrosinase activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract

Abstract: The current research study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Calophyllum tomentosum (CtAgNPs) and evaluated the extract to know the effects of anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase activity. Using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) characterized the Calophyllum tomentosum mediated silver nanoparticles. The leaf extract of C. tomentosum yielded flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids and coumarins. AgNPs formation was confirmed by UV–vis spectra at 438 nm. Crystalline structure with a face centered cubic (fcc) of AgNPs was observed in XRD. FTIR had shown that the phytochemicals were responsible for the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of the AgNPs were determined using SEM. From EDX study analysed the strong absorption property of AgNPs. The CtAgNPs have showed significant antibacterial activity on multi drug resistance bacteria. The CtAgNPs had shown strong antioxidant (DPPH, H2O2 scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging power, reducing power) activities. The CtAgNPs had strongly inhibited the α-glucosidase and DPPIV compared to α-amylase. The CtAgNPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity (albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, heat haemolytic, protein inhibitory, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase) and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract. Hence, to validate our results the in vivo studies at molecular level are needed to develop an antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent.