Soil is dynamic living matrix and it is not only a critical resource in agricultural and food security but it is also towards maintenance of all life process. Pathogenic microorganisms affecting plant health are a major and chronic threat to sustainable agriculture and ecosystem stability worldwide. The chemical fertilizers used in the agriculture to increase yields, kill pathogens, pests, and weeds, have a big harmful impact on the ecosystem. Because of current public concerns about the side effects of agrochemicals, there is an increasing interest in improving the understanding of cooperative activities among plants and rhizosphere microbial populations. So, there is an urgent need of biological agents is accepted worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a better alternative to solve this problem. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion, and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. This review provides environment friendly approach to increase crop production and health, development of sustainable agriculture and commercialization by using of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with global applicability.

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Current and Future Prospects for Development of Sustainable Agriculture

The greater abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in point-of-use tap and reclaimed water than that in freshly treated water raise the question whether residual disinfectants in distribution systems facilitate the spread of ARGs. This study investigated three widely used disinfectants (free chlorine, chloramine, and hydrogen peroxide) on promoting ARGs transfer within Escherichia coli strains and across genera from Escherichia coli to Salmonella typhimurium. The results demonstrated that subinhibitory concentrations (lower than minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs]) of these disinfectants, namely 0.1–1 mg/L Cl2 for free chlorine, 0.1–1 mg/L Cl2 for chloramine, and 0.24–3 mg/L H2O2, led to concentration-dependent increases in intragenera conjugative transfer by 3.4–6.4, 1.9–7.5, and 1.4–5.4 folds compared with controls, respectively. By comparison, the intergenera conjugative frequencies were slightly increased by approximately 1.4–2.3 folds compared with controls. However, exposure to disinf...

Subinhibitory Concentrations of Disinfectants Promote the Horizontal Transfer of Multidrug Resistance Genes within and across Genera

https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/files/4186295/621297.pdf

Recent bioreduction of hexavalent chromium in wastewater treatment: A review

Hexavalent chromium reduction potential of Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from common effluent treatment plant of tannery industries.

Chromium has long been recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metal It is toxic to microorganism, plants, animals and humans Chromium exists in environment in two stable forms: Cr(VI) and Cr(III) Cr(III) is less toxic and insoluble, while Cr(VI) is extremely toxic and highly soluble Chromium is used in many industrial applications, but it poses a threat to local environment The effluents and solid wastes from the mining, chrome-plating, leather-tanning, and dye-manufacturing industries are high in chromium concentration and identified as a major health hazard because of pollution to the environment Industrial waste is used in landfilling, which causes the seepage, and the leaching of toxic chromium from soil into water bodies poses a threat to the environment Ferrochrome industry is one of the biggest contributors of the chromium pollution to the water bodies South Africa has the world’s largest chromium reserve The waste materials produced by ferrochrome industry are slag, dust and processed water These wastes have high chromium concentration that can cause pollution to the environment Inhalation is the major exposure route of the Cr(VI) toxicity in humans The bioremediation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the polluted site is a cost-effective and ecofriendly solution for preventing chromium detoxification Bioremediation can be in situ or ex situ, and choice of remediation method depends upon the extent of pollution and the nature of the site This paper summarizes the chromium pollution caused by ferrochrome industries, current remediation method adopted by ferrochrome industries, and the possible new methods for effective bioremediation This paper focuses mainly on bioremediation techniques to convert the high-toxic form of chromium to less-toxic and mobile form of chromium

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Chromium in Environment, Its Toxic Effect from Chromite-Mining and Ferrochrome Industries, and Its Possible Bioremediation

Hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by Staphylococcus arlettae Strain Cr11

In the present study, sunlight irradiation induced strategy for the rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), is reported for the first time using glycolipid bio-surfactant. On exposing a mixture of silver nitrate solution and glycolipid bio-surfactant in the ratio 3:1 to sunlight, stable silver nanoparticles were obtained within few minutes. The glycolipid bio-surfactant acts as both reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles synthesized were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. Synthesized nanoparticles were in the range of 70-90 nm with spherical shape. The absorption spectroscopy indicates the band gap of silver nanoparticles was 3.4 eV. Further, the antibacterial activity assay of the synthesized nanoparticle exhibits as potential antibacterial agents. Hence, the present study demonstrates that biologically synthesized nanoparticle could be employed for developing antibacterial drug.

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Sunlight Irradiation Induced Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Glycolipid Bio-surfactant and Exploring the Antibacterial Activity

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram negative, multiple drug-resistant (MDR) biofilm forming organism associated with nosocomial infections, is the causative agent of several life-threatening diseases. Emergence of multiple drug resistance against current generation antibiotics in such pathogens is a serious problem for medical practitioners. An alternative means to control the MDR pathogens is combination therapy of antibiotic with suitable biological control measures such as lytic bacteriophages. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of P. aeruginosa specific phage vB_PaeM_P6 which is used in combination with sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin for the control of P. aeruginosa biofilm. Synergistic activity of phage 0.05 multiplicity of infection and sub-MIC ciprofloxacin (0.75 \({\mu}\)g/ml) treatment is reported for the inhibition of biofilm forming as well as preformed biofilms of five clinical strains of P. aeruginosa.

Efficacy of Phage and Ciprofloxacin Co-therapy on the Formation and Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Pre-antibiotic era was horribly threatened by deadly microbes. The therapeutic procedures were very painful at that time, and people had no option to get relief from infectious microbes. Fortunately, the field of medicine has been improved in the nineteenth century, and the occurrence of infectious diseases get limited. Apart from this, the discovery of antibiotic replaced the ancient medical practices and brought a hope of better life. Herein, in this chapter we have discussed about the history of medicine, discovery of antibiotics, and present scenario of medicine.

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: A Challenge to Modern Medicine

SOS response is a global regulatory response to protect cell from severe DNA damage. Induction of SOS response involves more than forty genes, and products of these genes maintain the integrity of cell by enhancing the adaptation through mutagenesis. Recent studies reported that certain antibiotic induces SOS response by activation of chromosomal DNA damage. In this paper we are reviewing the current information about SOS system, providing resistance to bacteria by enhancing repair and recombination.

Sadhana Sagar

Papers

Hexavalent chromium reduction and plant growth promotion by Staphylococcus arlettae Strain Cr11

Sunlight Irradiation Induced Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Glycolipid Bio-surfactant and Exploring the Antibacterial Activity

Efficacy of Phage and Ciprofloxacin Co-therapy on the Formation and Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: A Challenge to Modern Medicine

Role of SOS response in Bacterial Drug Resistance