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Sajid Bashir

Other affiliations: Texas A&M University
Bio: Sajid Bashir is an academic researcher from Texas A&M University–Kingsville. The author has contributed to research in topics: Unitized regenerative fuel cell & Proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 12 publications receiving 53 citations. Previous affiliations of Sajid Bashir include Texas A&M University.

Papers
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BookDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, Chen et al. give a brief introduction to the fundamental principles of semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen, and the strategies to optimize solar to hydrogen conversion efficiencies.
Abstract: With the foreseeable depletion of fossil fuels and their significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, the development of an alternative energy source has become an urgent research field. Among renewable energy resources, solar energy is the largest exploitable resource by far. In view of the intermittency of sunlight, if solar energy is to be a major energy source, it must be converted and stored. An especially attractive approach is to store solar-converted energy in the form of chemical bonds, i.e., by solar-driven water splitting. This chapter will give a brief introduction to the fundamental principles of semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen. The semiconductor photocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting are introduced in details. Strategies to optimize solar to hydrogen conversion efficiencies by Author Contribution: The chapter was compiled by Dr. Zhengdong Cheng (corresponding author). The subsections were researched by Yi-Hsien Yu and Shuai Yuan. The revision was done by Dr. J. Liu and Dr. S. Bashir. Y.-H. Yu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA e-mail: myrzr@tamu.edu Y. Shuai Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA e-mail: shuai.yuan@chem.tamu.edu Z. Cheng (*) Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA e-mail: zcheng@tamu.edu # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 Y.-P. Chen et al. (eds.), Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-53514-1_1 1 optimization of light harvesting semiconductors, surface catalysis, and devices design will also be described.

21 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental properties of nanomaterials and their applications are discussed, ranging from solar panel used in the space shuttle to atomic reactor (converting CO 2 to carbohydrates).
Abstract: Nanoscience is the chemistry subdiscipline to deal with unique and exciting fields, to seek out the new approaches and new applications, to innovatively explore the small world. There is plenty to tackle in the field of nanomaterials and system to effectively solve the anthropogenic problems induced by new technology. This chapter discusses the fundamental properties of nanomaterials and demonstrates their diversified applications, ranging from solar panel used in the space shuttle to atomic reactor (converting CO 2 to carbohydrates).

18 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, two types of fuel cells, solid oxide proton exchange membrane fuel cells (FCs) and single fuel cell devices (membrane electrode assembly) were investigated to produce rusbost electrode to further improve the performance of the FCs.
Abstract: In this chapter, the authors discussed about two types of fuel cells, solid oxide proton exchange membrane fuel cells (FCs) The fabrication of catalyst and construction of single fuel cell devices (membrane electrode assembly) were investigated to produce rusbost electrode to further improve the performance of the FCs The electrochemical properties and nanostructure of the catalysts and devices indicated that the material's development are critical to enhance the reactivities and stabilities of FCs

10 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a transition from a predominately carbon economy to a hydrogen or electron ion (batteries) economy, which can be realized initially in the transport sector (26% of CO2 emissions).
Abstract: At present, the economy is dominated by carbon (coal, gasoline, petroleum) for generation of electricity and transport These sections account for almost 56% of greenhouse emissions and contribute towards global warming This realization that carbon dioxide leads to general increase in global temperatures was released from 1966 to the present day Current awareness among the members of the general public policy makers and industrial captains has started a dialogue on transitioning from predominately carbon economy to hydrogen or electron (batteries) economy This can be realized initially in the transport sector (26% of CO2 emissions) The key problem is generation of sustainable hydrogen with zero or lower CO2 emissions than current practice, which is geared towards industrial processes A log fold increase in hydrogen production would be required from a diverse pool both fossil and renewable sources Examples discussed include hydrogen production from biomass (glucose economy) through steam reformation (shown in Eq 101), partial oxidation of hydrocarbon (Eq 102), pyrolysis (Eq 103), microbial (Eq 104), and electrolysis (Eqs 105a, 105b, and 105c) $$ 2{\mathrm{C}}_x{\mathrm{H}}_y\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right) + 2 x{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right)\ \to\ 2 x\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right) + \left(2 x+ y\right){\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) $$ (101) $$ 2{\mathrm{C}}_x{\mathrm{H}}_y\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right) + x{\mathrm{O}}_2\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right)\ \to\ 2 x\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right) + y{\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) $$ (102) $$ 2{\mathrm{C}}_x{\mathrm{H}}_y\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right) + 2 x\mathrm{C}+ y{\mathrm{H}}_2\ \left(\mathrm{g}\right)\to\ \mathrm{hydrocarbon} $$ (103) $$ 2{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\ \left(\mathrm{aq}\right) + 2{e}^{-}\to {\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) $$ (104) $$ \mathrm{Anode}\ \mathrm{reaction}:\ 4{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) + 4{e}^{-}\to {\mathrm{O}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(l) $$ (105a) $$ \mathrm{Cathode}\ \mathrm{reaction}:\ 2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(l) + \to {\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+2{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+4{e}^{-}\left(\mathrm{g}\right) $$ (105b) $$ \mathrm{Overall}\ \mathrm{reaction}:\ 2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(l)\to 2{\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+{\mathrm{O}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) $$ (105c) The above processes could generate sufficient hydrogen to meet the needs of the transport sector, with hydrogen used as a fuel Examples of hydrogen usage in this manner include: fuel cell powered automobiles either as hybrid (fuel cell – lithium ion batteries), plug-ins (Li-ion battery or hydrogen fuel cell vehicle with on-board storage The function of the fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells is to convert chemical energy to electrical energy spontaneously during electrochemical reactions (Eqs 106a and 106b): $$ \mathrm{Anode}\ \left(\mathrm{hydrogen}\ \mathrm{oxidation}\ \mathrm{reaction},\ HOR\right):\ 2{\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\to 4{\mathrm{H}}^{+}+4{e}^{-} $$ (106a) $$ \mathrm{Cathode}\ \left(\mathrm{oxygen}\ \mathrm{reducion}\ \mathrm{reaction},\ ORR\right):\ 2{\mathrm{O}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+4{\mathrm{H}}^{+}+4{e}^{-}\to 4{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}(l) $$ (106b) While no single technology appears to be superior in all aspects, steam reformation and biomass gasification offer practical approaches to generate sufficient hydrogen to meet transportation needs in the near term The steam reformation of natural gas coupled with CO2 capture can offer a sustainable method, while gasification of biomass using supercritical chromatograph with catalyst offers another approach to generate sustainable hydrogen In the mid-term, the electrolysis of water using off-peak grid electricity offers a pathway to generate hydrogen with negligible greenhouse emission In the long term, the biogeneration of hydrogen and splitting of water using photo electrolysis or thermochemical pyrolysis are feasible avenues The development of these technologies also needs policy makers to create a favorable legislature environment such as tax incentives for end-user or product generator and wider disseminations on the need to transition away from carbon, particularly for nations that do not have a native supply of coal, or petroleum

6 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, two preparation methods to precisely control the materials structure and elemental composition are discussed: top-down and bottom-up fabrication, which are classified into a "top-down" and "bottom-up" fabrication process.
Abstract: In this chapter, authors discuss two preparation methods to precisely control the materials structure and elemental composition. These methods are classified into a “top-down” and “bottom-up” fabrication process. In “bottom-up” synthesis, the material is constructed from atom or molecules to the cluster until the designed shape is achieved, akin to building a house from bricks (simply saying from small to big). In the “top-down” synthesis, the corresponding material is reconstructed or deformed, ablated to form different structures, akin to a sculptor chiseling a block of marble to create a statute of definite shape and size.

5 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the recent developments in the field of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass and classified the main factors influencing the chemical reaction pathways of SCWG.
Abstract: The paper summarizes the recent developments in the field of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass. Chemical and chemical engineering studies are introduced and sorted into categories, which are the main factors influencing the chemical reaction pathways of SCWG. These are: the components of biomass (carbohydrates, lignin, ash, proteins and lipids), reaction conditions e.g. concentration and the possible addition of heterogeneous catalysts. Most studies focus on model compounds, here the interference of the components in mixtures give a deeper understanding in view of the conversion of real biomass. Also studies with biomass are reported; here in most cases the effect of salts, catalyzing hydrogen formation, is dominating. The progress in knowledge is evaluated in view of the hurdles to overcome for a wide industrial application. Recent paper hints to a future of hydrothermal gasification as part of a bio-refinery and with an internal use of hydrogen produced.

281 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the advantages of incorporating active species into Zirconium/Hafnium-based MOFs in catalytic applications are discussed. But the authors focus on the use of active species in catalysts.
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly versatile materials that find applications in several fields. Highly stable zirconium/hafnium-based MOFs were recently introduced and nowadays represent a rapidly growing family. Their unique and intriguing properties make them privileged materials and outstanding candidates in heterogeneous catalysis, finding use either as catalysts or catalyst supports. Various techniques have been developed to incorporate active species into Zr-MOFs, giving rise to catalysts that often demonstrate higher performances or unusual activity when compared with their homogeneous analogues. Catalytic functions are commonly incorporated at the zirconium-oxide node, at the linker, or encapsulated in the pores. Representative examples are discussed, and advantages in adopting Zr- and Hf-MOFs in catalytic applications are highlighted.

269 citations

01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: A portfolio of technologies now exists to meet the world's energy needs over the next 50 years and limit atmospheric CO2 to a trajectory that avoids a doubling of the preindustrial concentration.
Abstract: Humanity already possesses the fundamental scientific, technical, and industrial know-how to solve the carbon and climate problem for the next half-century. A portfolio of technologies now exists to meet the world's energy needs over the next 50 years and limit atmospheric CO2 to a trajectory that avoids a doubling of the preindustrial concentration. Every element in this portfolio has passed beyond the laboratory bench and demonstration project; many are already implemented somewhere at full industrial scale. Although no element is a credible candidate for doing the entire job (or even half the job) by itself, the portfolio as a whole is large enough that not every element has to be used.

269 citations

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the world wide efforts in the field of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and presented an overview of the main existing SOFC designs and the main developers active in this field.
Abstract: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are generally considered a promising future electricity generation technology due to their high electrical efficiency. They also display a multi-fuel capability (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane etc.), may play a role in carbon sequestration strategies and render the highest electricity generation efficiency in power station design if coupled with a gas turbine. Still, their development is faced with various problems of high temperature materials, design of cost effective materials and manufacturing processes and efficient plant design. This paper will summarize the world wide efforts in the field of SOFC, presenting an overview of the main existing SOFC designs and the main developers active in this field. Based on data published in proceedings of international conferences during the last years, a comparison is made of the results achieved in cell, stack and system development.

135 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the full range of industries and industrial processes for which hydrogen can support decarbonization and the technical, economic, social and political factors that will impact hydrogen adoption.
Abstract: Industrial decarbonization is a daunting challenge given the relative lack of low-carbon options available for “hard to decarbonize” industries such as iron and steel, cement, and chemicals. Hydrogen, however, offers one potential solution to this dilemma given that is an abundant and energy dense fuel capable of not just meeting industrial energy requirements, but also providing long-duration energy storage. Despite the abundance and potential of hydrogen, isolating it and utilizing it for industrial decarbonization remains logistically challenging and is, in many cases, expensive. Industrial utilization of hydrogen is currently dominated by oil refining and chemical production with nearly all of the hydrogen used in these applications coming from fossil fuels. The generation of low-carbon or zero-carbon hydrogen for industrial applications requires new modes of hydrogen production that either intrinsically produce no carbon emissions or are combined with carbon capture technologies. This review takes a sociotechnical perspective to examine the full range of industries and industrial processes for which hydrogen can support decarbonization and the technical, economic, social and political factors that will impact hydrogen adoption.

120 citations