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Salme Koskimies

Other affiliations: Stora Enso
Bio: Salme Koskimies is an academic researcher from VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The author has contributed to research in topics: Alkyd & Betulin. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 12 publications receiving 670 citations. Previous affiliations of Salme Koskimies include Stora Enso.

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TL;DR: A new mechanism of action has been confirmed for some of the most promising anti-HIV derivatives, which makes them potentially useful additives to the current anti- HIV therapy.

585 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The polymerization and properties of environmentally friendly waterborne binders for wood coatings were studied in this article, where both conjugated and non-conjugated tall oil fatty acids-based alkyd resins were synthesized and further copolymerized via miniemulsion polymerization with acrylates (butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate).

58 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation and properties of alkyd-acrylic hybrids have been studied and the performance evaluation was focused on investigation of drying, penetration and water repellency ability.

35 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of five glycidyl compounds as reactive coalescing agents was tested in characterized carboxyl functional latex and the results showed that the efficiency of three of them in lowering the minimum film-formation temperature (MFFT) of the latex was competitive with the commercial coalescing agent.
Abstract: The syntheses and the performance of five glycidyl compounds as novel reactive coalescing agents are presented. The reactive coalescing agents were synthesized with moderate yields, structures were verified using spectroscopic methods, and the properties of glycidyl compounds such as boiling points and evaporation rates were measured. The applicability of five glycidyl compounds as reactive coalescing agents was tested in characterized carboxyl functional latex. Properties like pendulum hardness, gloss, and efficiency of the glycidyl compound to reduce the minimum film-formation temperature (MFFT) of the latex were measured from the cured latex films. The application test results were compared to the commercial nonreactive coalescing agent, Nexcoat™ 795. The films with synthesized reactive coalescing agents with carboxyl functional latex were found to have good pendulum hardness and excellent gloss. Also, the efficiency of three glycidyl compounds in lowering the MFFT of the latex was competitive with the commercial coalescing agent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 610–615, 2003

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, self-emulsifying binders have been prepared by reaction of long oil alkyd resins with maleated derivatives of fatty acids, which are dispersed in water without use of external surfactants and free from volatile organic compounds.
Abstract: Self-emulsifying binders have been prepared by reaction of long oil alkyd resins with maleated derivatives of fatty acids. These binders were dispersed in water without use of external surfactants and free from volatile organic compounds. The binders were evaluated based on their performance properties, including penetration and moisture repellency ability against commercial references. According this study, binders with interesting properties have been prepared. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

9 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Natural product and natural product-derived compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials or are in registration (as at 31st December 2007) have been reviewed, as well as natural products for which clinical trials have been halted or discontinued since 2005.

976 citations

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TL;DR: The present review describes natural products, semi-synthetic NPs and NP-derived compounds that have undergone clinical evaluation or registration from 2005 to 2010 by disease area i.e. infectious, immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory and related diseases and oncology.

736 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Apr 2009-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: BE induces apoptosis utilizing a similar mechanism as BetA and is prevented by cyclosporin A (CsA), which indicates that BE has potent anti-tumor activity especially in combination with cholesterol.
Abstract: Betulinic Acid (BetA) and its derivatives have been extensively studied in the past for their anti-tumor effects, but relatively little is known about its precursor Betulin (BE). We found that BE induces apoptosis utilizing a similar mechanism as BetA and is prevented by cyclosporin A (CsA). BE induces cell death more rapidly as compared to BetA, but to achieve similar amounts of cell death a considerably higher concentration of BE is needed. Interestingly, we observed that cholesterol sensitized cells to BE-induced apoptosis, while there was no effect of cholesterol when combined with BetA. Despite the significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, the mode of cell death was not changed as CsA completely abrogated cell death. These results indicate that BE has potent anti-tumor activity especially in combination with cholesterol.

603 citations

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TL;DR: Pentacyclic triterpenes are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves and stem bark display various pharmacological effects while being devoid of prominent toxicity and are promising leading compounds for the development of new multi-targeting bioactive agents.
Abstract: Pentacyclic triterpenes are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves and stem bark. In particular the lupane-, oleanane-, and ursane triterpenes display various pharmacological effects while being devoid of prominent toxicity. Therefore, these triterpenes are promising leading compounds for the development of new multi-targeting bioactive agents. Screening of 39 plant materials identified triterpene rich (> 0.1% dry matter) plant parts. Plant materials with high triterpene concentrations were then used to obtain dry extracts by accelerated solvent extraction resulting in a triterpene content of 50 - 90%. Depending on the plant material, betulin (birch bark), betulinic acid (plane bark), oleanolic acid (olive leaves, olive pomace, mistletoe sprouts, clove flowers), ursolic acid (apple pomace) or an equal mixture of the three triterpene acids (rosemary leaves) are the main components of these dry extracts. They are quantitatively characterised plant extracts supplying a high concentration of actives and therefore can be used for development of phytopharmaceutical formulations.

531 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarizes the potential of triterpenes belonging to the lupane, oleanane or ursane group, to treat cancer by different modes of action and utilisation of different plants as their sources is of interest.
Abstract: Today cancer treatment is not only a question of eliminating cancer cells by induction of cell death. New therapeutic strategies also include targeting the tumour microenvironment, avoiding angiogenesis, modulating the immune response or the chronic inflammation that is often associated with cancer. Furthermore, the induction of redifferentiation of dedifferentiated cancer cells is an interesting aspect in developing new therapy strategies. Plants provide a broad spectrum of potential drug substances for cancer therapy with multifaceted effects and targets. Pentacyclic triterpenes are one group of promising secondary plant metabolites. This review summarizes the potential of triterpenes belonging to the lupane, oleanane or ursane group, to treat cancer by different modes of action. Since Pisha et al. reported in 1995 that betulinic acid is a highly promising anticancer drug after inducing apoptosis in melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, experimental work focused on the apoptosis inducing mechanisms of betulinic acid and other triterpenes. The antitumour effects were subsequently confirmed in a series of cancer cell lines from other origins, for example breast, colon, lung and neuroblastoma. In addition, in the last decade many studies have shown further effects that justify the expectation that triterpenes are useful to treat cancer by several modes of action. Thus, triterpene acids are known mainly for their antiangiogenic effects as well as their differentiation inducing effects. In particular, lupane-type triterpenes, such as betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol, display anti-inflammatory activities which often accompany immune modulation. Triterpene acids as well as triterpene monoalcohols and diols also show an antioxidative potential. The pharmacological potential of triterpenes of the lupane, oleanane or ursane type for cancer treatment seems high; although up to now no clinical trial has been published using these triterpenes in cancer therapy. They provide a multitarget potential for coping with new cancer strategies. Whether this is an effective approach for cancer treatment has to be proven. Because various triterpenes are an increasingly promising group of plant metabolites, the utilisation of different plants as their sources is of interest. Parts of plants, for example birch bark, rosemary leaves, apple peel and mistletoe shoots are rich in triterpenes and provide different triterpene compositions.

426 citations